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Graph neural networks (GNNs), as topology/structure-aware models within deep learning, have emerged as powerful tools for AI-aided drug discovery (AIDD). By directly operating on molecular graphs, GNNs offer an intuitive and expressive…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-10 Odin Zhang , Haitao Lin , Xujun Zhang , Xiaorui Wang , Zhenxing Wu , Qing Ye , Weibo Zhao , Jike Wang , Kejun Ying , Yu Kang , Chang-yu Hsieh , Tingjun Hou

Self-supervised representation learning (SSL) on biomedical networks provides new opportunities for drug discovery. However, how to effectively combine multiple SSL models is still challenging and has been rarely explored. Therefore, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Xiaoqi Wang , Yingjie Cheng , Yaning Yang , Yue Yu , Fei Li , Shaoliang Peng

Predicting drug side-effects before they occur is a key task in keeping the number of drug-related hospitalizations low and to improve drug discovery processes. Automatic predictors of side-effects generally are not able to process the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-01 Pietro Bongini , Elisa Messori , Niccolò Pancino , Monica Bianchini

Machine learning for molecules holds great potential for efficiently exploring the vast chemical space and thus streamlining the drug discovery process by facilitating the design of new therapeutic molecules. Deep generative models have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Johanna Sommer , Leon Hetzel , David Lüdke , Fabian Theis , Stephan Günnemann

Deep generative models have achieved tremendous success in designing novel drug molecules in recent years. A new thread of works have shown the great potential in advancing the specificity and success rate of in silico drug design by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xingang Peng , Shitong Luo , Jiaqi Guan , Qi Xie , Jian Peng , Jianzhu Ma

Structure-Based drug design (SBDD) has emerged as a popular approach in drug discovery, leveraging three-dimensional protein structures to generate drug ligands. However, existing generative models encounter several key challenges: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Qingsong Zhong , Haomin Yu , Yan Lin , Wangmeng Shen , Long Zeng , Jilin Hu

Construction of a scaffold structure that supports a desired motif, conferring protein function, shows promise for the design of vaccines and enzymes. But a general solution to this motif-scaffolding problem remains open. Current…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-21 Brian L. Trippe , Jason Yim , Doug Tischer , David Baker , Tamara Broderick , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Subgraph-based methods have proven to be effective and interpretable in predicting drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which are essential for medical practice and drug development. Subgraph selection and encoding are critical stages in these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Haotong Du , Quanming Yao , Juzheng Zhang , Yang Liu , Zhen Wang

Drug repositioning aims to identify potential new indications for existing drugs to reduce the time and financial costs associated with developing new drugs. Most existing deep learning-based drug repositioning methods predominantly utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Renye Zhang , Mengyun Yang , Qichang Zhao , Jianxin Wang

Computational drug discovery strategies can be broadly placed in two categories: ligand-based methods which identify novel molecules by similarity with known ligands, and structure-based methods which predict molecules with high-affinity to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-30 Vincent Mallet , Carlos G. Oliver , Nicolas Moitessier , Jerome Waldispuhl

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) focuses on designing small-molecule ligands that bind to specific protein pockets. Computational methods are integral in modern SBDD workflows and often make use of virtual screening methods via docking or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Ian Dunn , Liv Toft , Tyler Katz , Juhi Gupta , Riya Shah , Ramith Hettiarachchi , David R. Koes

Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) is crucial for identifying bioactive molecules. Recent deep generative models are faced with challenges in geometric structure modeling. A major bottleneck lies in the twisted probability path of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-06 Keyue Qiu , Yuxuan Song , Zhehuan Fan , Peidong Liu , Zhe Zhang , Mingyue Zheng , Hao Zhou , Wei-Ying Ma

Currently, the field of structure-based drug design is dominated by three main types of algorithms: search-based algorithms, deep generative models, and reinforcement learning. While existing works have typically focused on comparing models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Kangyu Zheng , Yingzhou Lu , Zaixi Zhang , Zhongwei Wan , Yao Ma , Marinka Zitnik , Tianfan Fu

To overcome the high attrition rate and limited clinical translatability in drug discovery, we introduce the concept of Maximum Drug-Likeness (MDL) and develop an applicable Fivefold MDL strategy (5F-MDL) to reshape the screening paradigm.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-29 Hao-Yu Zhu , Shi-Jie Du , Lu Xu , Wei Shi

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to discover drug candidates by finding molecules (ligands) that bind tightly to a disease-related protein (targets), which is the primary approach to computer-aided drug discovery. Recently, applying…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-01 Tianfan Fu , Wenhao Gao , Connor W. Coley , Jimeng Sun

Machine learning approaches to Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) have proven quite fertile over the last few years. In particular, diffusion-based approaches to SBDD have shown great promise. We present a technique which expands on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Matan Halfon , Eyal Rozenberg , Ehud Rivlin , Daniel Freedman

Generating molecules with high binding affinities to target proteins (a.k.a. structure-based drug design) is a fundamental and challenging task in drug discovery. Recently, deep generative models have achieved remarkable success in…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-24 Zaixi Zhang , Qi Liu

Designing molecular structures with desired chemical properties is an essential task in drug discovery and material design. However, finding molecules with the optimized desired properties is still a challenging task due to combinatorial…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-02 Masatsugu Yamada , Mahito Sugiyama

The race to meet the challenges of the global pandemic has served as a reminder that the existing drug discovery process is expensive, inefficient and slow. There is a major bottleneck screening the vast number of potential small molecules…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained traction in the complex domain of drug discovery because of their ability to process graph-structured data such as drug molecule models. This approach has resulted in a myriad of methods and models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Katherine Berry , Liang Cheng