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We present a novel neural architecture to solve graph optimization problems where the solution consists of arbitrary node labels, allowing us to solve hard problems like graph coloring. We train our model using reinforcement learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Lukas Gianinazzi , Maximilian Fries , Nikoli Dryden , Tal Ben-Nun , Maciej Besta , Torsten Hoefler

Neural Combinatorial Optimization approaches have recently leveraged the expressiveness and flexibility of deep neural networks to learn efficient heuristics for hard Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems. However, most of the current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Sahil Manchanda , Sofia Michel , Darko Drakulic , Jean-Marc Andreoli

Searching for a path between two nodes in a graph is one of the most well-studied and fundamental problems in computer science. In numerous domains such as robotics, AI, or biology, practitioners develop search heuristics to accelerate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Michal Pándy , Weikang Qiu , Gabriele Corso , Petar Veličković , Rex Ying , Jure Leskovec , Pietro Liò

Combining the message-passing paradigm with the global attention mechanism has emerged as an effective framework for learning over graphs. The message-passing paradigm and the global attention mechanism fundamentally generate node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haimin Zhang , Jiahao Xia , Min Xu

The design of good heuristics or approximation algorithms for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems often requires significant specialized knowledge and trial-and-error. Can we automate this challenging, tedious process, and learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Hanjun Dai , Elias B. Khalil , Yuyu Zhang , Bistra Dilkina , Le Song

Accurate routing network status estimation is a key component in Software Defined Networking. However, existing deep-learning-based methods for modeling network routing are not able to extrapolate towards unseen feature distributions. Nor…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Yifei Jin , Marios Daoutis , Sarunas Girdzijauskas , Aristides Gionis

Graph matching can be formalized as a combinatorial optimization problem, where there are corresponding relationships between pairs of nodes that can be represented as edges. This problem becomes challenging when there are potential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Dongdong Chen , Yuxing Dai , Lichi Zhang , Zhihong Zhang

Learning-based methods for routing have gained significant attention in recent years, both in single-objective and multi-objective contexts. Yet, existing methods are unsuitable for routing on multigraphs, which feature multiple edges with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Filip Rydin , Attila Lischka , Jiaming Wu , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani , Balázs Kulcsár

We propose a novel approach for learning node representations in directed graphs, which maintains separate views or embedding spaces for the two distinct node roles induced by the directionality of the edges. We argue that the previous…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Megha Khosla , Jurek Leonhardt , Wolfgang Nejdl , Avishek Anand

Path-planning algorithms are an important part of a wide variety of robotic applications, such as mobile robot navigation and robot arm manipulation. However, in large search spaces in which local traps may exist, it remains challenging to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Yuka Ariki , Takuya Narihira

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a notorious alternative to address learning problems dealing with non-Euclidean datasets. However, although most works assume that the graph is perfectly known, the observed topology is prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Victor M. Tenorio , Samuel Rey , Antonio G. Marques

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved strong performance across various real-world domains. Nevertheless, they suffer from oversquashing, where long-range information is distorted as it is compressed through limited message-passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Tanvir Hossain , Muhammad Ifte Khairul Islam , Lilia Chebbah , Charles Fanning , Esra Akbas

In autonomous driving, accurately interpreting the movements of other road users and leveraging this knowledge to forecast future trajectories is crucial. This is typically achieved through the integration of map data and tracked…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Tobias Demmler , Andreas Tamke , Thao Dang , Karsten Haug , Lars Mikelsons

Combinatorial Optimisation problems arise in several application domains and are often formulated in terms of graphs. Many of these problems are NP-hard, but exact solutions are not always needed. Several heuristics have been developed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 David Ireland , Giovanni Montana

Graph embedding algorithms are used to efficiently represent (encode) a graph in a low-dimensional continuous vector space that preserves the most important properties of the graph. One aspect that is often overlooked is whether the graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Zekarias T. Kefato , Nasrullah Sheikh , Alberto Montresor

For NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, it is usually difficult to find high-quality solutions in polynomial time. The design of either an exact algorithm or an approximate algorithm for these problems often requires significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Kun Lei , Peng Guo , Yi Wang , Xiao Wu , Wenchao Zhao

Graph Attention Networks (GATs) are the state-of-the-art neural architecture for representation learning with graphs. GATs learn attention functions that assign weights to nodes so that different nodes have different influences in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Guangtao Wang , Rex Ying , Jing Huang , Jure Leskovec

Many combinatorial optimization problems can be phrased in the language of constraint satisfaction problems. We introduce a graph neural network architecture for solving such optimization problems. The architecture is generic; it works for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Jan Toenshoff , Martin Ritzert , Hinrikus Wolf , Martin Grohe

Constructive neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) has attracted growing research attention due to its ability to solve complex routing problems without relying on handcrafted rules. However, existing NCO methods face significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Changliang Zhou , Xi Lin , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

Planning a network of public transit routes is a challenging optimization problem. Metaheuristic algorithms search through the space of possible transit networks by applying heuristics that randomly alter routes in a network. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Andrew Holliday , Ahmed El-Geneidy , Gregory Dudek