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As the labeling cost for different modules in task-oriented dialog (ToD) systems is expensive, a major challenge is to train different modules with the least amount of labeled data. Recently, large-scale pre-trained language models, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Fei Mi , Wanhao Zhou , Fengyu Cai , Lingjing Kong , Minlie Huang , Boi Faltings

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems facilitate users in executing various activities via multi-turn dialogues, but Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to comprehend these intricate contexts. In this study, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Haoyu Gao , Ting-En Lin , Hangyu Li , Min Yang , Yuchuan Wu , Wentao Ma , Yongbin Li

Task-oriented dialog (TOD) systems facilitate users in accomplishing complex, multi-turn tasks through natural language. While instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on a range of single-turn NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Moghis Fereidouni , Md Sajid Ahmed , Adib Mosharrof , A. B. Siddique

Task-oriented dialog(TOD) aims to assist users in achieving specific goals through multi-turn conversation. Recently, good results have been obtained based on large pre-trained models. However, the labeled-data scarcity hinders the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Zhitong Yang , Xing Ma , Anqi Liu , Zheyu Zhang

In real-world task-oriented dialogue (TOD) settings, agents are required to strictly adhere to complex instructions while conducting multi-turn conversations with customers. These instructions are typically presented in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sarik Ghazarian , Abhinav Gullapalli , Swair Shah , Anurag Beniwal , Nanyun Peng , Narayanan Sadagopan , Zhou Yu

Prompting language models (LMs) with training examples and task descriptions has been seen as critical to recent successes in few-shot learning. In this work, we show that finetuning LMs in the few-shot setting can considerably reduce the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Robert L. Logan , Ivana Balažević , Eric Wallace , Fabio Petroni , Sameer Singh , Sebastian Riedel

Task-oriented dialogue systems use four connected modules, namely, Natural Language Understanding (NLU), a Dialogue State Tracking (DST), Dialogue Policy (DP) and Natural Language Generation (NLG). A research challenge is to learn each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Andrea Madotto , Zihan Liu , Zhaojiang Lin , Pascale Fung

Large language models (LLMs) can be used as accessible and intelligent chatbots by constructing natural language queries and directly inputting the prompt into the large language model. However, different prompt' constructions often lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Jinta Weng , Jiarui Zhang , Yue Hu , Daidong Fa , Xiaofeng Xuand , Heyan Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have been used for diverse tasks in natural language processing (NLP), yet remain under-explored for task-oriented dialogue systems (TODS), especially for end-to-end TODS. We present InstructTODS, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Willy Chung , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Bryan Wilie , Holy Lovenia , Pascale Fung

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems enable users to achieve their goals through natural language interactions. Traditionally, these systems have relied on turn-level manually annotated metadata, such as dialogue states and policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Adib Mosharrof , A. B. Siddique

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved remarkable performance for various language understanding tasks in IR systems, which require the fine-tuning process based on labeled training data. For low-resource scenarios, prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Ziyun Xu , Chengyu Wang , Minghui Qiu , Fuli Luo , Runxin Xu , Songfang Huang , Jun Huang

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems facilitate goal-driven interactions between users and machines. While recent advances in deep learning have improved the performance, TOD systems often struggle in low-resource scenarios with limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Quang-Vinh Nguyen , Quang-Chieu Nguyen , Hoang Pham , Khac-Hoai Nam Bui

Dialogue state tracking (DST) module is an important component for task-oriented dialog systems to understand users' goals and needs. Collecting dialogue state labels including slots and values can be costly, especially with the wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Yuting Yang , Wenqiang Lei , Pei Huang , Juan Cao , Jintao Li , Tat-Seng Chua

Current methods for few-shot fine-tuning of pretrained masked language models (PLMs) require carefully engineered prompts and verbalizers for each new task to convert examples into a cloze-format that the PLM can score. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Rabeeh Karimi Mahabadi , Luke Zettlemoyer , James Henderson , Marzieh Saeidi , Lambert Mathias , Veselin Stoyanov , Majid Yazdani

Instruction-tuned Language Models ILMs have become essential components of modern AI systems, demonstrating exceptional versatility across a wide range of natural language and reasoning tasks. Among their most impactful applications is code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Saima Afrin , Zaiyu Cheng , Tushar Sharma , Alexander Serebrenik , Massimiliano Di Penta , Antonio Mastropaolo

Class-incremental learning (CIL) enables models to learn new classes progressively while preserving knowledge of previously learned ones. Recent advances in this field have shifted towards parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Haoran Chen , Ping Wang , Zihan Zhou , Xu Zhang , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

We present DIALIGHT, a toolkit for developing and evaluating multilingual Task-Oriented Dialogue (ToD) systems which facilitates systematic evaluations and comparisons between ToD systems using fine-tuning of Pretrained Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Songbo Hu , Xiaobin Wang , Zhangdie Yuan , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

Learning to converse using only a few examples is a great challenge in conversational AI. The current best conversational models, which are either good chit-chatters (e.g., BlenderBot) or goal-oriented systems (e.g., MinTL), are language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Andrea Madotto , Zhaojiang Lin , Genta Indra Winata , Pascale Fung

Task-oriented dialogue (ToD) systems are designed to help users achieve specific goals through natural language interaction. While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved linguistic fluency and contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Shutong Feng , Hsien-chin Lin , Nurul Lubis , Carel van Niekerk , Michael Heck , Benjamin Ruppik , Renato Vukovic , Milica Gašić

The effectiveness of prompt learning has been demonstrated in different pre-trained language models. By formulating suitable template and choosing representative label mapping, prompt learning can be used as an efficient knowledge probe.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Jinta Weng , Yue Hu , Jing Qiu , Heyan Huan
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