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We present an experimental procedure to determine the usefulness of a measurement scheme for quantum error correction (QEC). A QEC scheme typically requires the ability to prepare entangled states, to carry out multi-qubit measurements, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Gabrielle Denhez , Alexandre Blais , David Poulin

Fragile quantum features such as entanglement are employed to improve the precision of parameter estimation and as a consequence the quantum gain becomes vulnerable to noise. As an established tool to subdue noise, quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-09 Xiao-Ming Lu , Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is critical in reducing the impact of noise in the pre-fault-tolerant era, and is expected to complement error correction in fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). In this paper, we propose a novel QEM…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Hrushikesh Pramod Patil , Dror Baron , Huiyang Zhou

Quantum information processors promise fast algorithms for problems inaccessible to classical computers. But since qubits are noisy and error-prone, they will depend on fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC) to compute reliably.…

Various quantum applications can be reduced to estimating expectation values, which are inevitably deviated by operational and environmental errors. Although errors can be tackled by quantum error correction, the overheads are far from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Shuaining Zhang , Yao Lu , Kuan Zhang , Wentao Chen , Ying Li , Jing-Ning Zhang , Kihwan Kim

Quantum computing devices are inevitably subject to errors. To leverage quantum technologies for computational benefits in practical applications, quantum algorithms and protocols must be implemented reliably under noise and imperfections.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-18 Jihye Kim , Byungdu Oh , Yonuk Chong , Euyheon Hwang , Daniel K. Park

Quantum error mitigation, a data processing technique for recovering the statistics of target processes from their noisy version, is a crucial task for near-term quantum technologies. Most existing methods require prior knowledge of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Manwen Liao , Yan Zhu , Giulio Chiribella , Yuxiang Yang

Error mitigation has elevated quantum computing to the scale of hundreds of qubits and tens of layers; however, yet larger scales (deeper circuits) are needed to fully exploit the potential of quantum computing to solve practical problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Sergey N. Filippov , Sabrina Maniscalco , Guillermo García-Pérez

Qubit measurement is generally the most error-prone operation that degrades the performance of near-term quantum devices, and the exponential decay of readout fidelity severely impedes the development of large-scale quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Yun-Fei Niu , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Quantum error mitigation is a promising route to achieving quantum utility, and potentially quantum advantage in the near-term. Many state-of-the-art error mitigation schemes use knowledge of the errors in the quantum processor, which opens…

Various noise models have been developed in quantum computing study to describe the propagation and effect of the noise which is caused by imperfect implementation of hardware. Identifying parameters such as gate and readout error rates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Muqing Zheng , Ang Li , Tamás Terlaky , Xiu Yang

We present a method for quantum error mitigation on partially error-corrected quantum computers - i.e., computers with some logical qubits and some noisy qubits. Our method is inspired by the error cancellation method and is implemented via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Ben DalFavero , Ryan LaRose

In quantum state discrimination, one aims to identify unknown states from a given ensemble by performing measurements. Different strategies such as minimum-error discrimination or unambiguous state identification find different optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Hanwool Lee , Kieran Flatt , Carles Roch i Carceller , Jonatan Bohr Brask , Joonwoo Bae

When incorporated in quantum sensing protocols, quantum error correction can be used to correct for high frequency noise, as the correction procedure does not depend on the actual shape of the noise spectrum. As such, it provides a powerful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-18 David A. Herrera-Martí , Tuvia Gefen , Dorit Aharonov , Nadav Katz , Alex Retzker

Noise affecting qubit preparation and measurements accounts for a significant fraction of errors in quantum information processing. This is especially critical in tasks like variational quantum algorithms, quantum error correction, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Jaemin Kim , Seungchan Seo , Jiyoung Yun , Benjamin Lienhard , Joonwoo Bae

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) can recover accurate expectation values from a noisy quantum computer by trading off bias for variance, such that an averaged result is more accurate but takes longer to converge. Probabilistic error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-09 Andrew Eddins , Minh C. Tran , Patrick Rall

We present error mitigation (EM) techniques for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers (QC) based on density matrix purification and perturbative corrections to the target energy. We incorporate this scheme into the variational quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 T. D. Morris , Z. P. Parks , A. J. McCaskey , J. Jakowski , R. C. Pooser

To address the challenge posed by noise in real quantum devices, quantum error mitigation techniques play a crucial role. These techniques are resource-efficient, making them suitable for implementation in noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Jordi Pérez-Guijarro , Alba Pagès-Zamora , Javier R. Fonollosa

Two-qubit systems typically employ 36 projective measurements for high-fidelity tomographic estimation. The overcomplete nature of the 36 measurements suggests possible robustness of the estimation procedure to missing measurements. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-08 Onur Danaci , Sanjaya Lohani , Brian T. Kirby , Ryan T. Glasser

Quantum computers are anticipated to transcend classical supercomputers for computationally intensive tasks by exploiting the principles of quantum mechanics. However, the capabilities of the current generation of quantum devices are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-17 Shaobo Zhang , Charles D. Hill , Muhammad Usman