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Due to the expensive costs of collecting labels in multi-label classification datasets, partially annotated multi-label classification has become an emerging field in computer vision. One baseline approach to this task is to assume…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Youngwook Kim , Jae Myung Kim , Jieun Jeong , Cordelia Schmid , Zeynep Akata , Jungwoo Lee

Training and deploying machine learning models relies on a large amount of human-annotated data. As human labeling becomes increasingly expensive and time-consuming, recent research has developed multiple strategies to speed up annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ekaterina Artemova , Akim Tsvigun , Dominik Schlechtweg , Natalia Fedorova , Konstantin Chernyshev , Sergei Tilga , Boris Obmoroshev

Successfully training a deep neural network demands a huge corpus of labeled data. However, each label only provides limited information to learn from and collecting the requisite number of labels involves massive human effort. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Dong-Ho Lee , Rahul Khanna , Bill Yuchen Lin , Jamin Chen , Seyeon Lee , Qinyuan Ye , Elizabeth Boschee , Leonardo Neves , Xiang Ren

Data lies at the core of modern deep learning. The impressive performance of supervised learning is built upon a base of massive accurately labeled data. However, in some real-world applications, accurate labeling might not be viable;…

Learning from multiple annotators aims to induce a high-quality classifier from training instances, where each of them is associated with a set of possibly noisy labels provided by multiple annotators under the influence of their varying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Jingzheng Li , Hailong Sun , Jiyi Li , Zhijun Chen , Renshuai Tao , Yufei Ge

Multi-label learning (MLL) has gained attention for its ability to represent real-world data. Label Distribution Learning (LDL), an extension of MLL to learning from label distributions, faces challenges in collecting accurate label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zhiqiang Kou , Si Qin , Hailin Wang , Mingkun Xie , Shuo Chen , Yuheng Jia , Tongliang Liu , Masashi Sugiyama , Xin Geng

Multi-task learning is to improve the performance of the model by transferring and exploiting common knowledge among tasks. Existing MTL works mainly focus on the scenario where label sets among multiple tasks (MTs) are usually the same,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Quan Feng , Songcan Chen

A common practice in building NLP datasets, especially using crowd-sourced annotations, involves obtaining multiple annotator judgements on the same data instances, which are then flattened to produce a single "ground truth" label or score,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Mark Díaz

NLP benchmarks rely on standardized datasets for training and evaluating models and are crucial for advancing the field. Traditionally, expert annotations ensure high-quality labels; however, the cost of expert annotation does not scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Omer Nahum , Nitay Calderon , Orgad Keller , Idan Szpektor , Roi Reichart

Label aggregation such as majority voting is commonly used to resolve annotator disagreement in dataset creation. However, this may disregard minority values and opinions. Recent studies indicate that learning from individual annotations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Xinpeng Wang , Barbara Plank

In real-world data labeling applications, annotators often provide imperfect labels. It is thus common to employ multiple annotators to label data with some overlap between their examples. We study active learning in such settings, aiming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Hui Wen Goh , Jonas Mueller

Pre-trained vision-language models learn massive data to model unified representations of images and natural languages, which can be widely applied to downstream machine learning tasks. In addition to zero-shot inference, in order to better…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Qian-Wei Wang , Yuqiu Xie , Letian Zhang , Zimo Liu , Shu-Tao Xia

Although multi-label learning can deal with many problems with label ambiguity, it does not fit some real applications well where the overall distribution of the importance of the labels matters. This paper proposes a novel learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Xin Geng

Partial multi-label learning and complementary multi-label learning are two popular weakly supervised multi-label classification paradigms that aim to alleviate the high annotation costs of collecting precisely annotated multi-label data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Wei Wang , Tianhao Ma , Ming-Kun Xie , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

In this paper, we address the limitations of the common data annotation and training methods for objective single-label classification tasks. Typically, when annotating such tasks annotators are only asked to provide a single label for each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Ben Wu , Yue Li , Yida Mu , Carolina Scarton , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song

Audio classification has seen great progress with the increasing availability of large-scale datasets. These large datasets, however, are often only partially labeled as collecting full annotations is a tedious and expensive process. This…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Siddharth Gururani , Alexander Lerch

When solving NLP tasks with limited labelled data, researchers typically either use a general large language model without further update, or use a small number of labelled samples to tune a specialised smaller model. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Branislav Pecher , Ivan Srba , Maria Bielikova

High-quality data is necessary for modern machine learning. However, the acquisition of such data is difficult due to noisy and ambiguous annotations of humans. The aggregation of such annotations to determine the label of an image leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Lars Schmarje , Vasco Grossmann , Claudius Zelenka , Sabine Dippel , Rainer Kiko , Mariusz Oszust , Matti Pastell , Jenny Stracke , Anna Valros , Nina Volkmann , Reinhard Koch

Supervised learning depends on annotated examples, which are taken to be the \emph{ground truth}. But these labels often come from noisy crowdsourcing platforms, like Amazon Mechanical Turk. Practitioners typically collect multiple labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Ashish Khetan , Zachary C. Lipton , Anima Anandkumar

The predictive performance of supervised learning algorithms depends on the quality of labels. In a typical label collection process, multiple annotators provide subjective noisy estimates of the "truth" under the influence of their varying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Ryutaro Tanno , Ardavan Saeedi , Swami Sankaranarayanan , Daniel C. Alexander , Nathan Silberman