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When people interpret text, they rely on inferences that go beyond the observed language itself. Inspired by this observation, we introduce a method for the analysis of text that takes implicitly communicated content explicitly into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Alexander Hoyle , Rupak Sarkar , Pranav Goel , Philip Resnik

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide range of applications, they have also been observed to perpetuate unwanted biases present in the training data, potentially leading to harm for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Schrasing Tong , Eliott Zemour , Jessica Lu , Rawisara Lohanimit , Lalana Kagal

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable reasoning capabilities, inherent social biases often cascade throughout the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) process, leading to continuous "Bias Propagation". Existing debiasing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xuan Feng , Shuai Zhao , Luwei Xiao , Tianlong Gu , Bo An

Statistical natural language inference (NLI) models are susceptible to learning dataset bias: superficial cues that happen to associate with the label on a particular dataset, but are not useful in general, e.g., negation words indicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-26 He He , Sheng Zha , Haohan Wang

Recently, there has been much interest in the question of whether deep natural language understanding models exhibit systematicity; generalizing such that units like words make consistent contributions to the meaning of the sentences in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Emily Goodwin , Koustuv Sinha , Timothy J. O'Donnell

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is the task of inferring whether the hypothesis can be justified by the given premise. Basically, we classify the hypothesis into three labels(entailment, neutrality and contradiction) given the premise. NLI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Zijiang Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to exhibit social, demographic, and gender biases, often as a consequence of the data on which they are trained. In this work, we adopt a mechanistic interpretability approach to analyze how such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Bhavik Chandna , Zubair Bashir , Procheta Sen

Vision-language models can encode societal biases and stereotypes, but there are challenges to measuring and mitigating these multimodal harms due to lacking measurement robustness and feature degradation. To address these challenges, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Hugo Berg , Siobhan Mackenzie Hall , Yash Bhalgat , Wonsuk Yang , Hannah Rose Kirk , Aleksandar Shtedritski , Max Bain

There has been increasing interest in evaluations of language models for a variety of risks and characteristics. Evaluations relying on natural language understanding for grading can often be performed at scale by using other language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Simon Lermen , Ondřej Kvapil

The remarkable progress in Natural Language Processing (NLP) brought about by deep learning, particularly with the recent advent of large pre-trained neural language models, is brought into scrutiny as several studies began to discuss and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Anoop K. , Manjary P. Gangan , Deepak P. , Lajish V. L

Mitigation of gender bias in NLP has a long history tied to debiasing static word embeddings. More recently, attention has shifted to debiasing pre-trained language models. We study to what extent the simplest projective debiasing methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Hillary Dawkins , Isar Nejadgholi , Daniel Gillis , Judi McCuaig

Recent work has focused on compressing pre-trained language models (PLMs) like BERT where the major focus has been to improve the in-distribution performance for downstream tasks. However, very few of these studies have analyzed the impact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Mengnan Du , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Yu Cheng , Milad Shokouhi , Xia Hu , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Human biases have been shown to influence the performance of models and algorithms in various fields, including Natural Language Processing. While the study of this phenomenon is garnering focus in recent years, the available resources are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Ana Sofia Evans , Helena Moniz , Luísa Coheur

Sensitivity of deep-neural models to input noise is known to be a challenging problem. In NLP, model performance often deteriorates with naturally occurring noise, such as spelling errors. To mitigate this issue, models may leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Jakub Náplava , Martin Popel , Milan Straka , Jana Straková

Large pre-trained language models have shown remarkable performance over the past few years. These models, however, sometimes learn superficial features from the dataset and cannot generalize to the distributions that are dissimilar to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Jieyu Zhao , Xuezhi Wang , Yao Qin , Jilin Chen , Kai-Wei Chang

The rapid advancement of Vision-Language models (VLMs) has raised growing concerns that their black-box reasoning processes could lead to unintended forms of social bias. Current debiasing approaches focus on mitigating surface-level bias…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Na Min An , Yoonna Jang , Yusuke Hirota , Ryo Hachiuma , Isabelle Augenstein , Hyunjung Shim

Large language models (LLMs) trained on vast corpora suffer from inevitable stereotype biases. Mitigating these biases with fine-tuning could be both costly and data-hungry. Model editing methods, which focus on modifying LLMs in a post-hoc…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jianhao Yan , Futing Wang , Yafu Li , Yue Zhang

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to inheriting and amplifying societal biases embedded within their training data, potentially reinforcing harmful stereotypes related to gender, occupation, and other sensitive categories. This issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Atmika Gorti , Manas Gaur , Aman Chadha

Deep Learning and Machine Learning based models have become extremely popular in text processing and information retrieval. However, the non-linear structures present inside the networks make these models largely inscrutable. A significant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Sourav Saha , Debapriyo Majumdar , Mandar Mitra