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Because quantum computers are expensive, it is envisaged that individuals who want to utilize them would do so by delegating their calculations to someone who has a quantum computer. When quantum computer users delegate computations to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-20 Yuichi Sano

Assessment of practical quantum information processing (QIP) remains partial without understanding limits imposed by noise. Unfortunately, mere description of noise grows exponentially with system size, becoming cumbersome even for modest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 Vikesh Siddhu , John Smolin

Fault-tolerant quantum computation traditionally incurs substantial resource overhead, with both qubit and time overheads scaling polylogarithmically with the size of the computation. While prior work by Gottesman showed that constant qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Matthias Christandl , Omar Fawzi , Ashutosh Goswami

Quantum network protocols offer new functionalities such as enhanced security to communication and computational systems. Despite the rapid progress in quantum hardware, it has not yet reached a level of maturity that enables execution of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-19 Chin-Te Liao , Sima Bahrani , Francisco Ferreira da Silva , Elham Kashefi

Recent advances in theoretical and experimental quantum computing bring us closer to scalable quantum computing devices. This makes the need for protocols that verify the correct functionality of quantum operations timely and has led to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-26 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Elham Kashefi , Petros Wallden

The exploitation of certification tools by end users represents a fundamental aspect of the development of quantum technologies as the hardware scales up beyond the regime of classical simulatability. Certifying quantum networks becomes…

Verification of quantum computation is a task to efficiently check whether an output given from a quantum computer is correct. Existing verification protocols conducted between a quantum computer to be verified and a verifier necessitate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-01 Yuki Takeuchi , Akihiro Mizutani

Overcoming the influence of noise and imperfections in quantum devices is one of the main challenges for viable quantum applications. In this article, we present different protocols, which we denote as "superposed quantum error mitigation",…

Blind Quantum Computation lets a limited-capability client delegate its complex computation to a remote server without revealing its data or computation. Several such protocols have been proposed under varied quantum computing models.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Mohit Joshi , Manoj Kumar Mishra , S. Karthikeyan

Blind quantum computation (BQC) enables a client without enough quantum power to delegate his quantum computation to a quantum server, while keeping the input data, the algorithm and the result unknown to the server. In the studies of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-05 Min Liang

We propose a new concept, oblivious quantum computation, which requires performing oblivious transfer with respect to the computation outcome of the quantum computation, where the secrecy of the input qubits and the program to identify the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-12 Masahito Hayashi

Blind Quantum Computation (BQC) is a delegation computing protocol that allows a client to utilize a remote quantum server to implement desired quantum computations while keeping her inputs, outputs, and algorithms private. However, qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Qiang Zhao , John C. S. Lui

Quantum computation has made considerable progress in the last decade with multiple emerging technologies providing proof-of-principle experimental demonstrations of such calculations. However, these experimental demonstrations of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-27 Samudra Dasgupta , Travis S. Humble

Quantum computing has seen tremendous progress in the past years. Due to the implementation complexity and cost, the future path of quantum computation is strongly believed to delegate computational tasks to powerful quantum servers on…

Current cloud-based quantum processors offer access to advanced hardware hosted on a remote server, but do not guarantee data or algorithm privacy. Blind quantum computation provides information-theoretic privacy by enabling a client to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Yongxin Song , Johannes Knörzer , Kieran Dalton , Andreas Wallraff , Jean-Claude Besse

A client can delegate a quantum computation to a powerful remote server while ensuring the privacy and the integrity of its computation via Secure Delegated Quantum Computation (SDQC). Thanks to recent results making them noise-robust and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Maxime Garnier , Dominik Leichtle , Luka Music , Harold Ollivier

Blind quantum computation is a two-party protocol which involves a server Bob who has rich quantum computational resource and provides quantum computation service and a client Alice who wants to delegate her quantum computation to Bob…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-01 Go Sato , Takeshi Koshiba , Tomoyuki Morimae

Blind quantum computation (BQC) allows a client (Alice), who only possesses relatively poor quantum devices, to delegate universal quantum computation to a server (Bob) in such a way that Bob cannot know Alice's inputs, algorithm, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-11 Yuki Takeuchi , Keisuke Fujii , Rikizo Ikuta , Takashi Yamamoto , Nobuyuki Imoto

Blind quantum computing (BQC) is a computational paradigm that allows a client with limited quantum capabilities to delegate quantum computations to a more powerful server while keeping both the algorithm and data hidden. However, in…

In blind quantum computation (BQC), a client delegates her quantum computation to a server with universal quantum computers who learns nothing about the client's private information. In measurement-based BQC model, entangled states are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-27 Xiaoqian Zhang , Weiqi Luo , Guoqiang Zeng , Jian Weng , Yaxi Yang , Minrong Chen , Xiaoqing Tan