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Unsupervised pretraining models have been shown to facilitate a wide range of downstream NLP applications. These models, however, retain some of the limitations of traditional static word embeddings. In particular, they encode only the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Anne Lauscher , Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Anna Korhonen , Goran Glavaš

Prompt-based or in-context learning has achieved high zero-shot performance on many natural language generation (NLG) tasks. Here we explore the performance of prompt-based learning for simultaneously controlling the personality and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Angela Ramirez , Mamon Alsalihy , Kartik Aggarwal , Cecilia Li , Liren Wu , Marilyn Walker

Prompts for pre-trained language models (PLMs) have shown remarkable performance by bridging the gap between pre-training tasks and various downstream tasks. Among these methods, prompt tuning, which freezes PLMs and only tunes soft…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yuxian Gu , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Minlie Huang

Recent Vision-Language Pretrained (VLP) models have become the backbone for many downstream tasks, but they are utilized as frozen model without learning. Prompt learning is a method to improve the pre-trained VLP model by adding a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Youngjae Cho , HeeSun Bae , Seungjae Shin , Yeo Dong Youn , Weonyoung Joo , Il-Chul Moon

This paper evaluates Few-Shot Prompting with Large Language Models for Named Entity Recognition (NER). Traditional NER systems rely on extensive labeled datasets, which are costly and time-consuming to obtain. Few-Shot Prompting or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Hédi Zeghidi , Ludovic Moncla

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) are at the forefront of advances in Natural Language Processing. One widespread use case of PLMs is "prompting" - or in-context learning - where a user provides a description of a task and some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Christopher Toukmaji

Recent few-shot methods, such as parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) and pattern exploiting training (PET), have achieved impressive results in label-scarce settings. However, they are difficult to employ since they are subject to high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Lewis Tunstall , Nils Reimers , Unso Eun Seo Jo , Luke Bates , Daniel Korat , Moshe Wasserblat , Oren Pereg

Recently, the development of pre-trained language models has brought natural language processing (NLP) tasks to the new state-of-the-art. In this paper we explore the efficiency of various pre-trained language models. We pre-train a list of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Tong Guo

The standard BERT adopts subword-based tokenization, which may break a word into two or more wordpieces (e.g., converting "lossless" to "loss" and "less"). This will bring inconvenience in following situations: (1) what is the best way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Zhangyin Feng , Duyu Tang , Cong Zhou , Junwei Liao , Shuangzhi Wu , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin , Yunbo Cao , Shuming Shi

Pre-trained vision-language models (e.g., CLIP) have shown promising zero-shot generalization in many downstream tasks with properly designed text prompts. Instead of relying on hand-engineered prompts, recent works learn prompts using the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Manli Shu , Weili Nie , De-An Huang , Zhiding Yu , Tom Goldstein , Anima Anandkumar , Chaowei Xiao

Pre-trained large language models can efficiently interpolate human-written prompts in a natural way. Multitask prompted learning can help generalization through a diverse set of tasks at once, thus enhancing the potential for more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 M Saiful Bari , Aston Zhang , Shuai Zheng , Xingjian Shi , Yi Zhu , Shafiq Joty , Mu Li

Text classification tends to be difficult when data are deficient or when it is required to adapt to unseen classes. In such challenging scenarios, recent studies have often used meta-learning to simulate the few-shot task, thus negating…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Shumin Deng , Ningyu Zhang , Zhanlin Sun , Jiaoyan Chen , Huajun Chen

Decision Transformer (DT) has emerged as a promising class of algorithms in offline reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, leveraging pre-collected datasets and Transformer's capability to model long sequences. Recent works have demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yu Yang , Pan Xu

Large pre-trained language models have recently gained significant traction due to their improved performance on various down-stream tasks like text classification and question answering, requiring only few epochs of fine-tuning. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Souvik Kundu , Sharath Nittur Sridhar , Maciej Szankin , Sairam Sundaresan

The prediction of learning curves for Natural Language Processing (NLP) models enables informed decision-making to meet specific performance objectives, while reducing computational overhead and lowering the costs associated with dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Viktoria Schram , Markus Hiller , Daniel Beck , Trevor Cohn

Prompt-based learning is susceptible to intrinsic bias present in pre-trained language models (LMs), leading to sub-optimal performance in prompt-based zero/few-shot settings. In this work, we propose a null-input prompting method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Kang He , Yinghan Long , Kaushik Roy

Current methods for prompt learning in zeroshot scenarios widely rely on a development set with sufficient human-annotated data to select the best-performing prompt template a posteriori. This is not ideal because in a realworld zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Jinghui Lu , Dongsheng Zhu , Weidong Han , Rui Zhao , Brian Mac Namee , Fei Tan

Despite the huge and continuous advances in computational linguistics, the lack of annotated data for Named Entity Recognition (NER) is still a challenging issue, especially in low-resource languages and when domain knowledge is required…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Valerio La Gatta , Vincenzo Moscato , Marco Postiglione , Giancarlo Sperlì

Pretrained contextual representation models (Peters et al., 2018; Devlin et al., 2018) have pushed forward the state-of-the-art on many NLP tasks. A new release of BERT (Devlin, 2018) includes a model simultaneously pretrained on 104…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Shijie Wu , Mark Dredze

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive language understanding and the capacity to generate responses that follow specific prompts. However, due to the computational demands associated with training these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yida Mu , Ben P. Wu , William Thorne , Ambrose Robinson , Nikolaos Aletras , Carolina Scarton , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song