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To accommodate structured approaches of neural computation, we propose a class of recurrent neural networks for indexing and storing sequences of symbols or analog data vectors. These networks with randomized input weights and orthogonal…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-02 E. Paxon Frady , Denis Kleyko , Friedrich T. Sommer

Understanding the general priniciples behind transformer models remains a complex endeavor. Experiments with probing and disentangling features using sparse autoencoders (SAE) suggest that these models might manage linear features embedded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Johannes Knittel , Tushaar Gangavarapu , Hendrik Strobelt , Hanspeter Pfister

Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) are one approach to developing Neuro-symbolic AI, where two vectors in $\mathbb{R}^d$ are `bound' together to produce a new vector in the same space. VSAs support the commutativity and associativity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Mohammad Mahmudul Alam , Alexander Oberle , Edward Raff , Stella Biderman , Tim Oates , James Holt

Many conventional statistical and machine learning methods face challenges when applied directly to high dimensional temporal observations. In recent decades, Functional Data Analysis (FDA) has gained widespread popularity as a framework…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-01 Donato Riccio , Fabrizio Maturo , Elvira Romano

A novel kernel-based support vector machine (SVM) for graph classification is proposed. The SVM feature space mapping consists of a sequence of graph convolutional layers, which generates a vector space representation for each vertex,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Padraig Corcoran

Autoencoders have found widespread application in both their original deterministic form and in their variational formulation (VAEs). In scientific applications and in image processing it is often of interest to consider data that are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-09 Justin Bunker , Mark Girolami , Hefin Lambley , Andrew M. Stuart , T. J. Sullivan

A key challenge in artificial intelligence and neuroscience is understanding how neural systems learn representations that capture the underlying dynamics of the world. Most world models represent the transition function with unstructured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 William Youngwoo Chung , Calvin Yeung , Hansen Jin Lillemark , Zhuowen Zou , Xiangjian Liu , Mohsen Imani

Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) have emerged as a novel framework for enabling interpretable machine learning algorithms equipped with the ability to reason and explain their decision processes. The basic idea is to represent discrete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Calvin Yeung , Prathyush Poduval , Mohsen Imani

CoVariance Neural Networks (VNNs) perform graph convolutions on the empirical covariance matrix of signals defined over finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, motivated by robustness and transferability properties. Yet, little is known about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Claudio Battiloro , Andrea Cavallo , Elvin Isufi

Following the initial publication of hdlib, a Python library for designing Vector-Symbolic Architectures (VSA), we introduce a major extension that significantly enhances its machine learning capabilities. VSA, also known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Fabio Cumbo , Kabir Dhillon , Daniel Blankenberg

Word embeddings are rich word representations, which in combination with deep neural networks, lead to large performance gains for many NLP tasks. However, word embeddings are represented by dense, real-valued vectors and they are therefore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Andreas Hanselowski , Iryna Gurevych

Vector Symbolic Architectures belong to a family of related cognitive modeling approaches that encode symbols and structures in high-dimensional vectors. Similar to human subjects, whose capacity to process and store information or concepts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Florian Mirus , Terrence C. Stewart , Jorg Conradt

Kernel methods in machine learning use a kernel function that takes two data points as input and returns their inner product after mapping them to a Hilbert space, implicitly and without actually computing the mapping. For many kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Kamaledin Ghiasi-Shirazi , Mohammadreza Qaraei

Symbolic computer vision represents diagrams through explicit logical rules and structured representations, enabling interpretable understanding in machine vision. This requires fundamentally different learning paradigms from pixel-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shan Zhang , Aotian Chen , Kai Zou , Jindong Gu , Yuan Xue , Anton van den Hengel

Regular pattern matching is used in numerous application domains, including text processing, bioinformatics, and network security. Patterns are typically expressed with an extended syntax of regular expressions that include the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Lingkun Kong , Qixuan Yu , Agnishom Chattopadhyay , Alexis Le Glaunec , Yi Huang , Konstantinos Mamouras , Kaiyuan Yang

We propose Hyper-Dimensional Function Encoding (HDFE). Given samples of a continuous object (e.g. a function), HDFE produces an explicit vector representation of the given object, invariant to the sample distribution and density. Sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Dehao Yuan , Furong Huang , Cornelia Fermüller , Yiannis Aloimonos

Combinatorial generalization - the ability to understand and produce novel combinations of already familiar elements - is considered to be a core capacity of the human mind and a major challenge to neural network models. A significant body…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Ivan Vankov , Jeffrey Bowers

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are an important tool for performing classification on scattered data, where one usually has to deal with many data points in high-dimensional spaces. We propose solving SVMs in primal form using feature maps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Kseniya Akhalaya , Franziska Nestler , Daniel Potts

The automation of user interface development has the potential to accelerate software delivery by mitigating intensive manual implementation. Despite the advancements in Large Multimodal Models for design-to-code translation, existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xian Wu , Ming Zhang , Zhiyu Fang , Fei Li , Bin Wang , Yong Jiang , Hao Zhou

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven highly effective for visual recognition, where learning a universal representation from activations of convolutional layer plays a fundamental problem. In this paper, we present Fisher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-30 Zhaofan Qiu , Ting Yao , Tao Mei