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As robots enter human workspaces, there is a crucial need for them to comprehend embodied human instructions, enabling intuitive and fluent human-robot interaction (HRI). However, accurate comprehension is challenging due to a lack of…

In face-to-face interaction, we use multiple modalities, including speech and gestures, to communicate information and resolve references to objects. However, how representational co-speech gestures refer to objects remains understudied…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Esam Ghaleb , Bulat Khaertdinov , Aslı Özyürek , Raquel Fernández

We address Embodied Reference Understanding, the task of predicting the object a person in the scene refers to through pointing gesture and language. This requires multimodal reasoning over text, visual pointing cues, and scene context, yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Fevziye Irem Eyiokur , Dogucan Yaman , Hazım Kemal Ekenel , Alexander Waibel

We study embodied reference understanding, the task of locating referents using embodied gestural signals and language references. Human studies have revealed that objects referred to or pointed to do not lie on the elbow-wrist line, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Yang Li , Xiaoxue Chen , Hao Zhao , Jiangtao Gong , Guyue Zhou , Federico Rossano , Yixin Zhu

Embodied Reference Understanding studies the reference understanding in an embodied fashion, where a receiver is required to locate a target object referred to by both language and gesture of the sender in a shared physical environment. Its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Cheng Shi , Sibei Yang

Embodied Reference Understanding requires identifying a target object in a visual scene based on both language instructions and pointing cues. While prior works have shown progress in open-vocabulary object detection, they often fail in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Fevziye Irem Eyiokur , Dogucan Yaman , Hazım Kemal Ekenel , Alexander Waibel

Grounding textual expressions on scene objects from first-person views is a truly demanding capability in developing agents that are aware of their surroundings and behave following intuitive text instructions. Such capability is of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Shuhei Kurita , Naoki Katsura , Eri Onami

We introduce a task and dataset for referring expression generation and comprehension in multi-agent embodied environments. In this task, two agents in a shared scene must take into account one another's visual perspective, which may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zineng Tang , Lingjun Mao , Alane Suhr

Existing referring understanding tasks tend to involve the detection of a single text-referred object. In this paper, we propose a new and general referring understanding task, termed referring multi-object tracking (RMOT). Its core idea is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Dongming Wu , Wencheng Han , Tiancai Wang , Xingping Dong , Xiangyu Zhang , Jianbing Shen

Humans frequently use referring (identifying) expressions to refer to objects. Especially in ambiguous settings, humans prefer expressions (called relational referring expressions) that describe an object with respect to a distinguishing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Hazan Anayurt , Sezai Artun Ozyegin , Ulfet Cetin , Utku Aktas , Sinan Kalkan

Referring expression comprehension (REC) aims at achieving object localization based on natural language descriptions. However, existing REC approaches are constrained by object category descriptions and single-attribute intention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hao Guo , Jianfei Zhu , Wei Fan , Chunzhi Yi , Feng Jiang

Referring expression comprehension (REF) aims at identifying a particular object in a scene by a natural language expression. It requires joint reasoning over the textual and visual domains to solve the problem. Some popular referring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Zhenfang Chen , Peng Wang , Lin Ma , Kwan-Yee K. Wong , Qi Wu

Reference resolution, which aims to identify entities being referred to by a speaker, is more complex in real world settings: new referents may be created by processes the agents engage in and/or be salient only because they belong to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Abhinav Kumar , Barbara Di Eugenio , Abari Bhattacharya , Jillian Aurisano , Andrew Johnson

Referring expression comprehension (REC) aims to localize a text-related region in a given image by a referring expression in natural language. Existing methods focus on how to build convincing visual and language representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Shuai Wang , Fan Lyu , Wei Feng , Song Wang

One of the main goals of robotics and intelligent agent research is to enable natural communication with humans in physically situated settings. While recent work has focused on verbal modes such as language and speech, non-verbal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Anna Deichler , Siyang Wang , Simon Alexanderson , Jonas Beskow

Referring expression comprehension (REC) aims to localize a target object in an image described by a referring expression phrased in natural language. Different from the object detection task that queried object labels have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Yanyuan Qiao , Chaorui Deng , Qi Wu

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) requires models to localize objects in images based on natural language descriptions. Research on the area remains predominantly English-centric, despite increasing global deployment demands. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Francisco Nogueira , Alexandre Bernardino , Bruno Martins

3-Dimensional Embodied Reference Understanding (3D-ERU) combines a language description and an accompanying pointing gesture to identify the most relevant target object in a 3D scene. Although prior work has explored pure language-based 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Atharv Mahesh Mane , Dulanga Weerakoon , Vigneshwaran Subbaraju , Sougata Sen , Sanjay E. Sarma , Archan Misra

Images often communicate more than they literally depict: a set of tools can suggest an occupation and a cultural artifact can suggest a tradition. This kind of indirect visual reference, known as visual metonymy, invites viewers to recover…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Saptarshi Ghosh , Linfeng Liu , Tianyu Jiang

Embodied reference understanding is crucial for intelligent agents to predict referents based on human intention through gesture signals and language descriptions. This paper introduces the Attention-Dynamic DINO, a novel framework designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Hao Guo , Wei Fan , Baichun Wei , Jianfei Zhu , Jin Tian , Chunzhi Yi , Feng Jiang
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