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How to develop slim and accurate deep neural networks has become crucial for real- world applications, especially for those employed in embedded systems. Though previous work along this research line has shown some promising results, most…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Xin Dong , Shangyu Chen , Sinno Jialin Pan

Neural network optimization remains one of the most consequential yet poorly understood challenges in modern AI research, where improvements in training algorithms can lead to enhanced feature learning in foundation models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ansh Nagwekar

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has achieved great success in training deep neural network, where the gradient is computed through back-propagation. However, the back-propagated values of different layers vary dramatically. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-28 Huishuai Zhang , Wei Chen , Tie-Yan Liu

Robust subspace estimation is fundamental to many machine learning and data analysis tasks. Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) is an elegant and empirically effective approach to this problem, yet its theoretical properties remain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-11 Gilad Lerman , Kang Li , Tyler Maunu , Teng Zhang

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) produce state-of-art performance on many machine learning tasks but their demand on resources in terms of memory and computational power are often high. Therefore, there is a great interest in optimizing the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Joachim Ott , Zhouhan Lin , Ying Zhang , Shih-Chii Liu , Yoshua Bengio

Developing efficient methods for solving parametric partial differential equations is crucial for addressing inverse problems. This work introduces a Least-Squares-based Neural Network (LS-Net) method for solving linear parametric PDEs. It…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-13 Shima Baharlouei , Jamie M. Taylor , Carlos Uriarte , David Pardo

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated dominating performance in many fields; since AlexNet, networks used in practice are going wider and deeper. On the theoretical side, a long line of works has been focusing on training neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Yuanzhi Li , Zhao Song

We present a simple linear regression based approach for learning the weights and biases of a neural network, as an alternative to standard gradient based backpropagation. The present work is exploratory in nature, and we restrict the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Harshad Khadilkar

The dichotomous coordinate descent (DCD) algorithm has been successfully used for significant reduction in the complexity of recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms. In this work, we generalize the application of the DCD algorithm to RLS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Y. Yu , L. Lu , Z. Zheng , W. Wang , Y. Zakharov , R. C. de Lamare

New recursive least squares algorithms with rank two updates (RLSR2) that include both exponential and instantaneous forgetting (implemented via a proper choice of the forgetting factor and the window size) are introduced and systematically…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Alexander Stotsky

Residual neural networks (ResNets) are a promising class of deep neural networks that have shown excellent performance for a number of learning tasks, e.g., image classification and recognition. Mathematically, ResNet architectures can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-26 S. Günther , L. Ruthotto , J. B. Schroder , E. C. Cyr , N. R. Gauger

Deep neural networks tend to underestimate uncertainty and produce overly confident predictions. Recently proposed solutions, such as MC Dropout and SDENet, require complex training and/or auxiliary out-of-distribution data. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Akib Mashrur , Wei Luo , Nayyar A. Zaidi , Antonio Robles-Kelly

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and their variants, such as Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks, have achieved promising performance in sequential data modeling. The hidden layers in RNNs can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Yu Pan , Jing Xu , Maolin Wang , Jinmian Ye , Fei Wang , Kun Bai , Zenglin Xu

In this paper, we aim at providing an introduction to the gradient descent based optimization algorithms for learning deep neural network models. Deep learning models involving multiple nonlinear projection layers are very challenging to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Jiawei Zhang

In distributed training of deep neural networks, people usually run Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) or its variants on each machine and communicate with other machines periodically. However, SGD might converge slowly in training some deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Mingrui Liu , Zhenxun Zhuang , Yunwei Lei , Chunyang Liao

Training a neural network (NN) typically relies on some type of curve-following method, such as gradient descent (GD) (and stochastic gradient descent (SGD)), ADADELTA, ADAM or limited memory algorithms. Convergence for these algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Michael A Kouritzin , Stephen Styles , Beatrice-Helen Vritsiou

High dimensional data reduction techniques are provided by using partial least squares within deep learning. Our framework provides a nonlinear extension of PLS together with a disciplined approach to feature selection and architecture…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-29 Nicholas Polson , Vadim Sokolov , Jianeng Xu

A fundamental problem in machine learning is to understand how neural networks make accurate predictions, while seemingly bypassing the curse of dimensionality. A possible explanation is that common training algorithms for neural networks…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-10 Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan , Mikhail Belkin , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy

Performance analysis of $l_0$ norm constrained Recursive least Squares (RLS) algorithm is attempted in this paper. Though the performance pretty attractive compared to its various alternatives, no thorough study of theoretical analysis has…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-11 Samrat Mukhopadhyay , Bijit Kumar Das , Mrityunjoy Chakraborty

First-order methods such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) are currently the standard algorithm for training deep neural networks. Second-order methods, despite their better convergence rate, are rarely used in practice due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Tianle Cai , Ruiqi Gao , Jikai Hou , Siyu Chen , Dong Wang , Di He , Zhihua Zhang , Liwei Wang