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This paper proposes a unified framework for the investigation of constrained learning theory in reflexive Banach spaces of features via regularized empirical risk minimization. The focus is placed on Tikhonov-like regularization with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-20 Patrick L. Combettes , Saverio Salzo , Silvia Villa

Learning methods in Banach spaces are often formulated as regularization problems which minimize the sum of a data fidelity term in a Banach norm and a regularization term in another Banach norm. Due to the infinite dimensional nature of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-12 Raymond Cheng , Rui Wang , Yuesheng Xu

The standard approach for dealing with the ill-posedness of the training problem in machine learning and/or the reconstruction of a signal from a limited number of measurements is regularization. The method is applicable whenever the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-13 Michael Unser

A typical approach in estimating the learning rate of a regularized learning scheme is to bound the approximation error by the sum of the sampling error, the hypothesis error and the regularization error. Using a reproducing kernel space…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-01-28 Guohui Song , Haizhang Zhang

Constructing or learning a function from a finite number of sampled data points (measurements) is a fundamental problem in science and engineering. This is often formulated as a minimum norm interpolation problem, regularized learning…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-26 Rui Wang , Yuesheng Xu

The goal of this work is to serve as a foundation for deep studies of the topology of state, action, and policy spaces in reinforcement learning. By studying these spaces from a mathematical perspective, we expect to gain more insight into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 David Krame Kadurha

We develop a variational framework to understand the properties of functions learned by fitting deep neural networks with rectified linear unit activations to data. We propose a new function space, which is reminiscent of classical bounded…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-18 Rahul Parhi , Robert D. Nowak

Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces provide a foundational framework for kernel-based learning, where regularization and interpolation problems admit finite-dimensional solutions through classical representer theorems. Many modern learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Isabel de la Higuera , Francisco Herrera , M. Victoria Velasco

Regularisation theory in Banach spaces, and non--norm-squared regularisation even in finite dimensions, generally relies upon Bregman divergences to replace norm convergence. This is comparable to the extension of first-order optimisation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-19 Tuomo Valkonen

In this paper we explore the relation between distributionally robust learning and different forms of regularization to enforce robustness of deep neural networks. In particular, starting from a concrete min-max distributionally robust…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-29 Camilo Garcia Trillos , Nicolas Garcia Trillos

We introduce a Banach space-valued extension of random feature learning, a data-driven supervised machine learning technique for large-scale kernel approximation. By randomly initializing the feature maps, only the linear readout needs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ariel Neufeld , Philipp Schmocker

The representer theorem is one of the most important mathematical foundations for regularised learning and kernel methods. Classical formulations of the theorem state sufficient conditions under which a regularisation problem on a Hilbert…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-11-04 Kevin Schlegel

Q-learning is widely used algorithm in reinforcement learning community. Under the lookup table setting, its convergence is well established. However, its behavior is known to be unstable with the linear function approximation case. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

This paper reviews the topological groundwork for the study of reinforcement learning (RL) by focusing on the structure of state, action, and policy spaces. We begin by recalling key mathematical concepts such as complete metric spaces,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 David Krame Kadurha , Domini Jocema Leko Moutouo , Yae Ulrich Gaba

This paper introduces a hypothesis space for deep learning based on deep neural networks (DNNs). By treating a DNN as a function of two variables - the input variable and the parameter variable - we consider the set of DNNs where the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-15 Rui Wang , Yuesheng Xu , Mingsong Yan

We investigate the function-space optimality (specifically, the Banach-space optimality) of a large class of shallow neural architectures with multivariate nonlinearities/activation functions. To that end, we construct a new family of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-13 Rahul Parhi , Michael Unser

We characterize the solution of a broad class of convex optimization problems that address the reconstruction of a function from a finite number of linear measurements. The underlying hypothesis is that the solution is decomposable as a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Michael Unser , Shayan Aziznejad

Continuous learning seeks to perform the learning on the data that arrives from time to time. While prior works have demonstrated several possible solutions, these approaches require excessive training time as well as memory usage. This is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Chih-Hsing Ho , Shang-Ho , Tsai

Regularization techniques are widely employed in optimization-based approaches for solving ill-posed inverse problems in data analysis and scientific computing. These methods are based on augmenting the objective with a penalty function,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Yong Sheng Soh , Venkat Chandrasekaran

This paper studies the problem of approximating a function $f$ in a Banach space $X$ from measurements $l_j(f)$, $j=1,\dots,m$, where the $l_j$ are linear functionals from $X^*$. Most results study this problem for classical Banach spaces…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-08-08 Ronald DeVore , Guergana Petrova , Przemyslaw Wojtaszczyk
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