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Related papers: Countering Online Hate Speech: An NLP Perspective

200 papers

In recent years, counterspeech has emerged as one of the most promising strategies to fight online hate. These non-escalatory responses tackle online abuse while preserving the freedom of speech of the users, and can have a tangible impact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Helena Bonaldi , Yi-Ling Chung , Gavin Abercrombie , Marco Guerini

Counterspeech, i.e. the practice of responding to online hate speech, has gained traction in NLP as a promising intervention. While early work emphasised collaboration with non-governmental organisation stakeholders, recent research trends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Tanvi Dinkar , Aiqi Jiang , Simona Frenda , Poppy Gerrard-Abbott , Nancie Gunson , Gavin Abercrombie , Ioannis Konstas

Social media and the internet have become an integral part of how people spread and consume information. Over a period of time, social media evolved dramatically, and almost half of the population is using social media to express their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Anjum , Rahul Katarya

The pervasiveness of abusive content on the internet can lead to severe psychological and physical harm. Significant effort in Natural Language Processing (NLP) research has been devoted to addressing this problem through abusive content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Svetlana Kiritchenko , Isar Nejadgholi , Kathleen C. Fraser

Hate speech is one type of harmful online content which directly attacks or promotes hate towards a group or an individual member based on their actual or perceived aspects of identity, such as ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Wenjie Yin , Arkaitz Zubiaga

Despite regulations imposed by nations and social media platforms, e.g. (Government of India, 2021; European Parliament and Council of the European Union, 2022), inter alia, hateful content persists as a significant challenge. Existing…

Counterspeech offers direct rebuttals to hateful speech by challenging perpetrators of hate and showing support to targets of abuse. It provides a promising alternative to more contentious measures, such as content moderation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Yi-Ling Chung , Gavin Abercrombie , Florence Enock , Jonathan Bright , Verena Rieser

Online hate speech can harmfully impact individuals and groups, specifically on non-moderated platforms such as 4chan where users can post anonymous content. This work focuses on analysing and measuring the prevalence of online hate on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Adrian Bermudez-Villalva , Maryam Mehrnezhad , Ehsan Toreini

In this report, we present a study of eight corpora of online hate speech, by demonstrating the NLP techniques that we used to collect and analyze the jihadist, extremist, racist, and sexist content. Analysis of the multilingual corpora…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Tom De Smedt , Sylvia Jaki , Eduan Kotzé , Leïla Saoud , Maja Gwóźdź , Guy De Pauw , Walter Daelemans

Online social platforms are beset with hateful speech - content that expresses hatred for a person or group of people. Such content can frighten, intimidate, or silence platform users, and some of it can inspire other users to commit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Haji Mohammad Saleem , Kelly P Dillon , Susan Benesch , Derek Ruths

The societal issue of digital hostility has previously attracted a lot of attention. The topic counts an ample body of literature, yet remains prominent and challenging as ever due to its subjective nature. We posit that a better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Antigoni-Maria Founta , Lucia Specia

Countering online hate speech is a critical yet challenging task, but one which can be aided by the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Previous research has primarily focused on the development of NLP methods to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Jing Qian , Anna Bethke , Yinyin Liu , Elizabeth Belding , William Yang Wang

The advent of the internet has been both a blessing and a curse for once marginalised communities. When used well, the internet can be used to connect and establish communities crossing different intersections; however, it can also be used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sidney Wong

The rapid integration of the Internet into our daily lives has led to many benefits but also to a number of new, wide-spread threats such as online hate, trolling, bullying, and generally aggressive behaviours. While research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Fatima Zahrah , Jason R. C. Nurse , Michael Goldsmith

Online toxic content has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. A significant amount of research has been focused on detecting or analyzing toxic content using machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Hate speech represents a pervasive and detrimental form of online discourse, often manifested through an array of slurs, from hateful tweets to defamatory posts. As such speech proliferates, it connects people globally and poses significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Paloma Piot , Patricia Martín-Rodilla , Javier Parapar

\textbf{Offensive Content Warning}: This paper contains offensive language only for providing examples that clarify this research and do not reflect the authors' opinions. Please be aware that these examples are offensive and may cause you…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Urja Khurana , Ivar Vermeulen , Eric Nalisnick , Marloes van Noorloos , Antske Fokkens

Counterspeech has gained attention as a strategy to reduce hate speech on social media. Although previous studies suggest that counterspeech can reduce hate speech, little is known about its effects on participation in online hate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Daniel Hickey , Matheus Schmitz , Daniel M. T. Fessler , Paul E. Smaldino , Kristina Lerman , Goran Murić , Keith Burghardt

While NLP research into hate speech detection has grown exponentially in the last three decades, there has been minimal uptake or engagement from policy makers and non-profit organisations. We argue the absence of ethical frameworks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Sidney Gig-Jan Wong

Detecting harmful content is a crucial task in the landscape of NLP applications for Social Good, with hate speech being one of its most dangerous forms. But what do we mean by hate speech, how can we define it, and how does prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Matteo Melis , Gabriella Lapesa , Dennis Assenmacher
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