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State-of-the-art approaches to reasoning and question answering over knowledge graphs (KGs) usually scale with the number of edges and can only be applied effectively on small instance-dependent subgraphs. In this paper, we address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Mattia Atzeni , Jasmina Bogojeska , Andreas Loukas

The success of deep learning models on multi-hop fact verification has prompted researchers to understand the behavior behind their veracity. One possible way is erasure search: obtaining the rationale by entirely removing a subset of input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Jiasheng Si , Yingjie Zhu , Deyu Zhou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges in multi-hop question answering (MHQA), where complex queries require synthesizing information across multiple document chunks. Existing approaches typically rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Zhonghao Li , Kunpeng Zhang , Jinghuai Ou , Shuliang Liu , Xuming Hu

Multi-relation Question Answering is a challenging task, due to the requirement of elaborated analysis on questions and reasoning over multiple fact triples in knowledge base. In this paper, we present a novel model called Interpretable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Mantong Zhou , Minlie Huang , Xiaoyan Zhu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have shown significant progress in test-time scaling through chain-of-thought prompting. Current approaches like search-o1 integrate retrieval augmented generation (RAG) into multi-step reasoning processes but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kaiwen Wei , Rui Shan , Dongsheng Zou , Jianzhong Yang , Bi Zhao , Junnan Zhu , Jiang Zhong

Large language models (LLMs) continue to struggle with knowledge-intensive questions that require up-to-date information and multi-hop reasoning. Augmenting LLMs with hybrid external knowledge, such as unstructured text and structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Junhong Lin , Bing Zhang , Song Wang , Ziyan Liu , Dan Gutfreund , Julian Shun , Yada Zhu

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) necessitates complex reasoning by integrating multiple pieces of information to resolve intricate questions. However, existing QA systems encounter challenges such as outdated information, context window…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Xiaoming Zhang , Ming Wang , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Shi Feng , Yifei Zhang

Numerical reasoning over hybrid data containing tables and long texts has recently received research attention from the AI community. To generate an executable reasoning program consisting of math and table operations to answer a question,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Xiao Li , Yin Zhu , Sichen Liu , Jiangzhou Ju , Yuzhong Qu , Gong Cheng

Constructing responses in task-oriented dialogue systems typically relies on information sources such the current dialogue state or external databases. This paper presents a novel approach to knowledge-grounded response generation that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Nicholas Thomas Walker , Stefan Ultes , Pierre Lison

Multihop Question Answering is a complex Natural Language Processing task that requires multiple steps of reasoning to find the correct answer to a given question. Previous research has explored the use of models based on Graph Neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Ieva Staliūnaitė , Philip John Gorinski , Ignacio Iacobacci

Multi-hop knowledge graph (KG) reasoning has been widely studied in recent years to provide interpretable predictions on missing links with evidential paths. Most previous works use reinforcement learning (RL) based methods that learn to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Yushi Bai , Xin Lv , Juanzi Li , Lei Hou , Yincen Qu , Zelin Dai , Feiyu Xiong

Recent years have witnessed impressive advances in challenging multi-hop QA tasks. However, these QA models may fail when faced with some disturbance in the input text and their interpretability for conducting multi-hop reasoning remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Jiayu Ding , Siyuan Wang , Qin Chen , Zhongyu Wei

This paper investigates a new task named Conversational Question Generation (CQG) which is to generate a question based on a passage and a conversation history (i.e., previous turns of question-answer pairs). CQG is a crucial task for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Boyuan Pan , Hao Li , Ziyu Yao , Deng Cai , Huan Sun

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a robust framework for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. Recent advances in RAG have investigated graph based retrieval for intricate reasoning; however, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tejas Sarnaik , Manan Shah , Ravi Hegde

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have been widely adopted in contemporary large language models (LLMs) due to their ability to improve generation quality while reducing the required input context length. In this work, we focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tianyi Zhang , Andreas Marfurt

Despite the success of generative pre-trained language models on a series of text generation tasks, they still suffer in cases where reasoning over underlying commonsense knowledge is required during generation. Existing approaches that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Haozhe Ji , Pei Ke , Shaohan Huang , Furu Wei , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has demonstrated strong performance in single-hop question answering (QA) by integrating external knowledge into large language models (LLMs). However, its effectiveness remains limited in multi-hop QA,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ningning Zhang , Chi Zhang , Zhizhong Tan , Xingxing Yang , Weiping Deng , Wenyong Wang

Knowledge Graph Question Answering aims to answer natural language questions by reasoning over structured knowledge graphs. While large language models have advanced KGQA through their strong reasoning capabilities, existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yanlin Song , Ben Liu , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Zhiwei Hu , Qianqian Xie , Min Peng , Sophia Ananiadou , Jeff Z. Pan

Multi-hop Question Answering over Knowledge Graph~(KGQA) aims to find the answer entities that are multiple hops away from the topic entities mentioned in a natural language question on a large-scale Knowledge Graph (KG). To cope with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Jinhao Jiang , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen
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