Related papers: Does BERT Learn as Humans Perceive? Understanding …

Given a task, human learns from easy to hard, whereas the model learns randomly. Undeniably, difficulty insensitive learning leads to great success in NLP, but little attention has been paid to the effect of text difficulty in NLP. In this…

Subjective bias detection is critical for applications like propaganda detection, content recommendation, sentiment analysis, and bias neutralization. This bias is introduced in natural language via inflammatory words and phrases, casting…

Do state-of-the-art natural language understanding models care about word order - one of the most important characteristics of a sequence? Not always! We found 75% to 90% of the correct predictions of BERT-based classifiers, trained on many…

Do machines and humans process language in similar ways? Recent research has hinted at the affirmative, showing that human neural activity can be effectively predicted using the internal representations of language models (LMs). Although…

We analyze if large language models are able to predict patterns of human reading behavior. We compare the performance of language-specific and multilingual pretrained transformer models to predict reading time measures reflecting natural…

Hate Speech takes many forms to target communities with derogatory comments, and takes humanity a step back in societal progress. HateXplain is a recently published and first dataset to use annotated spans in the form of rationales, along…

This paper covers the two approaches for sentiment analysis: i) lexicon based method; ii) machine learning method. We describe several techniques to implement these approaches and discuss how they can be adopted for sentiment classification…

Language models that are trained on the next-word prediction task have been shown to accurately model human behavior in word prediction and reading speed. In contrast with these findings, we present a scenario in which the performance of…

Lexical ambiguity is widespread in language, allowing for the reuse of economical word forms and therefore making language more efficient. If ambiguous words cannot be disambiguated from context, however, this gain in efficiency might make…

It is important for machines to interpret human emotions properly for better human-machine communications, as emotion is an essential part of human-to-human communications. One aspect of emotion is reflected in the language we use. How to…

We undertake the task of comparing lexicon-based sentiment classification of film reviews with machine learning approaches. We look at existing methodologies and attempt to emulate and improve on them using a 'given' lexicon and a…

Sentiment analysis is one of the most widely used techniques in text analysis. Recent advancements with Large Language Models have made it more accurate and accessible than ever, allowing researchers to classify text with only a plain…

Lexicon-based approaches to sentiment analysis of text are based on each word or lexical entry having a pre-defined weight indicating its sentiment polarity. These are usually manually assigned but the accuracy of these when compared…

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have significantly bolstered the technological world. This paper explores the potential of transfer learning in natural language processing focusing mainly on sentiment analysis. The models…

Automatic readability assessment plays a key role in ensuring effective and accessible written communication. Despite significant progress, the field is hindered by inconsistent definitions of readability and measurements that rely on…

Are the predictions of humans and language models affected by similar things? Research suggests that while comprehending language, humans make predictions about upcoming words, with more predictable words being processed more easily.…

The growth of deep learning (DL) relies heavily on huge amounts of labelled data for tasks such as natural language processing and computer vision. Specifically, in image-to-text or image-to-image pipelines, opinion (sentiment) may be…

Sensitive attributes are legally protected characteristics that should not be used to discriminate. Careful steps have been taken to minimize the risk of human bias regarding these fields, such as race and age. Large language models (LLMs)…

Social media is increasingly used by humans to express their feelings and opinions in the form of short text messages. Detecting sentiments in the text has a wide range of applications including identifying anxiety or depression of…

In this paper, we investigate the emotion recognition ability of the pre-training language model, namely BERT. By the nature of the framework of BERT, a two-sentence structure, we adapt BERT to continues dialogue emotion prediction tasks,…