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Clouds cast shadows on the surface and locally enhance solar irradiance by absorbing and scattering sunlight, resulting in fast and large solar irradiance fluctuations on the surface. Typical spatiotemporal scales and driving mechanisms of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-03-09 Wouter Mol , Bart van Stratum , Wouter Knap , Chiel van Heerwaarden

Solar flares show highly unusual spectra, in which the thermodynamic conditions of the solar atmosphere are encoded. Current models are unable to fully reproduce the spectroscopic flare observations, especially the single-peaked spectral…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-28 Fatima Rubio da Costa , Lucia Kleint

An accurate estimate of the inner edge of the habitable zone is critical for determining which exoplanets are potentially habitable and for designing future telescopes to observe them. Here, we explore differences in estimating the inner…

We present a code for generating synthetic SEDs and intensity maps from Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulation snapshots. The code is based on the Lucy (1999) Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer method, i.e. it follows discrete luminosity…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-03 O. Lomax , A. P. Whitworth

We have studied the angular distribution of the magnetic field vector in the solar internetwork employing high-quality data (noise level $\sigma \approx 3\times 10^{-4}$ in units of the quiet-Sun intensity) at different latitudes recorded…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 J. M. Borrero , P. Kobel

The COronal DEnsity and Temperature (CODET) model is a physics-based model (Rodr\'iguez-G\'omez et al. 2018; Rodr\'iguez-G\'omez 2017) . This model uses the relationship between the magnetic field, density, temperature, and EUV emission.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-25 Jenny M. Rodríguez-Gómez

Parameterizing radiative transfer in means navigating trade-offs between physical accuracy and conceptual clarity. However, currently available schemes sit at the extremes of this spectrum: correlated-k schemes are fast and accurate but…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Andrew I. L. Williams

The Sun's magnetic field is strongly structured over a broad range of scales. The magnetic spatial power spectral analysis provides a powerful tool to understand the various scales of magnetic fields and their interaction with plasma…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-16 Yukun Luo , Jie Jiang , Ruihui Wang

The Sun is the main energy source to Earth, and understanding its variability is of direct relevance to climate studies. Measurements of total solar irradiance exist since 1978, but this is too short compared to climate-relevant time…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-17 Theodosios Chatzistergos , Natalie A. Krivova , Kok Leng Yeo

The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) has just started producing data that will help determine what the sources and mechanisms of variability in the Sun's interior are. The instrument measures the Doppler shift and the polarization of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-20 Rebecca Centeno , Steve Tomczyk , Juan Manuel Borrero , Sebastien Couvidat , Keiji Hayashi , Todd Hoeksema , Yang Liu , Jesper Schou

Solar irradiance variations across various timescales, from minutes to centuries, represents a potential natural driver of past regional and global climate cold phases. To accurately assess the Sun's effect on climate, particularly during…

The coupling of the atmosphere to the space environment has become recognized as an important driver of atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. In order to quantify the effects of particle precipitation on the atmosphere, reliable global energy…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-11-12 Stefan Bender , Patrick J. Espy , Larry J. Paxton

Total solar irradiance and UV spectral solar irradiance have been monitored since 1978 through a succession of space missions. This is accompanied by the development of models aimed at replicating solar irradiance by relating the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-07 K. L. Yeo , W. T. Ball , N. A. Krivova , S. K. Solanki , Y. C. Unruh , J. Morrill

Searches for exoplanets with radial velocity techniques are increasingly sensitive to stellar activity. It is therefore crucial to characterize how this activity influences radial velocity measurements in their study of the detectability of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Nadège Meunier , Anne-Marie Lagrange , Morgan Desort

We present three-dimensional, self-consistent radiative transfer solutions with a new Monte Carlo radiative equilibrium code. The code, RADISHE ($\bf{RAD}$iative transfer $\bf{I}$n $\bf{S}$moothed particle $\bf{H}$ydrodynamics and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Sukanya Chakrabarti , Barbara Whitney

Knowledge of solar irradiance variability is critical to Earth's climate models and understanding the solar influence on Earth's climate. Direct solar irradiance measurements are only available since 1978. Reconstructions of past…

Variations of the solar UV irradiance are an important driver of chemical and physical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere and may also influence global climate. Here we reconstruct solar UV irradiance in the range 115-400 nm over the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-23 N. A. Krivova , S. K. Solanki , T. Wenzler , B. Podlipnik

We introduce two new methods that are designed to improve the realism and utility of large, active region-scale 3D MHD models of the solar atmosphere. We apply these methods to RADMHD, a code capable of modeling the Sun's upper convection…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-05-06 William P. Abbett , George H. Fisher

We present a revised and extended total and spectral solar irradiance (SSI) reconstruction, which includes a wavelength-dependent uncertainty estimate, spanning the last three solar cycles using the SATIRE-S model. The SSI reconstruction…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 William T. Ball , Natalie A. Krivova , Yvonne C. Unruh , Joanna D. Haigh , Sami K. Solanki

Radiative hydrodynamic simulations of solar and stellar surface convection have become an important tool for exploring the structure and gas dynamics in the envelopes and atmospheres of late-type stars and for improving our understanding of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 B. Beeck , R. Collet , M. Steffen , M. Asplund , R. H. Cameron , B. Freytag , W. Hayek , H. -G. Ludwig , M. Schüssler