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The quantification of uncertainty is important for the adoption of machine learning, especially to reject out-of-distribution (OOD) data back to human experts for review. Yet progress has been slow, as a balance must be struck between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Derek Everett , Andre T. Nguyen , Luke E. Richards , Edward Raff

In monocular depth estimation, uncertainty estimation approaches mainly target the data uncertainty introduced by image noise. In contrast to prior work, we address the uncertainty due to lack of knowledge, which is relevant for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Julia Hornauer , Adrian Holzbock , Vasileios Belagiannis

Despite the significant research efforts on trajectory prediction for automated driving, limited work exists on assessing the prediction reliability. To address this limitation we propose an approach that covers two sources of error, namely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Julian Wiederer , Julian Schmidt , Ulrich Kressel , Klaus Dietmayer , Vasileios Belagiannis

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential in autonomous driving, to determine when learning-based components encounter unexpected inputs. Traditional detectors typically use encoder models with fixed settings, thus lacking effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Zhenjiang Mao , Dong-You Jhong , Ao Wang , Ivan Ruchkin

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect testing samples far away from the in-distribution (ID) training data, which is crucial for the safe deployment of machine learning models in the real world. Distance-based OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Haodong Lu , Dong Gong , Shuo Wang , Jason Xue , Lina Yao , Kristen Moore

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to prevent anomalous inputs from causing a model to fail during deployment. While improved OOD detection methods have emerged, they often rely on the final layer outputs and require a full…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Ziqian Lin , Sreya Dutta Roy , Yixuan Li

When deploying a trained machine learning model in the real world, it is inevitable to receive inputs from out-of-distribution (OOD) sources. For instance, in continual learning settings, it is common to encounter OOD samples due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chuanwen Feng , Wenlong Chen , Ao Ke , Yilong Ren , Xike Xie , S. Kevin Zhou

Deep learning-based approaches have produced models with good insect classification accuracy; Most of these models are conducive for application in controlled environmental conditions. One of the primary emphasis of researchers is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Mojdeh Saadati , Aditya Balu , Shivani Chiranjeevi , Talukder Zaki Jubery , Asheesh K Singh , Soumik Sarkar , Arti Singh , Baskar Ganapathysubramanian

Methods which utilize the outputs or feature representations of predictive models have emerged as promising approaches for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection of image inputs. However, these methods struggle to detect OOD inputs that share…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Lily H. Zhang , Rajesh Ranganath

Our work investigates out-of-distribution (OOD) detection as a neural network output explanation problem. We learn a heatmap representation for detecting OOD images while visualizing in- and out-of-distribution image regions at the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Julia Hornauer , Vasileios Belagiannis

In addition to accurate scene understanding through precise semantic segmentation of LiDAR point clouds, detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) objects, instances not encountered during training, is essential to prevent the incorrect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Hanieh Shojaei Miandashti , Claus Brenner

Recent works demonstrate the effectiveness of diffusion models as unsupervised solvers for inverse imaging problems. Sparse-view computed tomography (CT) has greatly benefited from these advancements, achieving improved generalization…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-28 Ezgi Demircan-Tureyen , Felix Lucka , Tristan van Leeuwen

Deep neural networks are known to achieve superior results in classification tasks. However, it has been recently shown that they are incapable to detect examples that are generated by a distribution which is different than the one they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Aristotelis-Angelos Papadopoulos , Nazim Shaikh , Mohammad Reza Rajati

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains challenging for deep learning models, particularly when test-time OOD samples differ significantly from training outliers. We propose OODD, a novel test-time OOD detection method that dynamically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yifeng Yang , Lin Zhu , Zewen Sun , Hengyu Liu , Qinying Gu , Nanyang Ye

We propose a generalized method for boosting the generalization ability of pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) while fine-tuning on downstream few-shot tasks. The idea is realized by exploiting out-of-distribution (OOD) detection to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Kun Ding , Haojian Zhang , Qiang Yu , Ying Wang , Shiming Xiang , Chunhong Pan

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become a key part of many modern software applications. After training and validating, the DNN is deployed as an irrevocable component and applied in real-world scenarios. Although most DNNs are built…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 JingWei Xu , Siyuan Zhu , Zenan Li , Chang Xu

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples for trusted medical image segmentation remains a significant challenge. The critical issue here is the lack of a strict definition of abnormal data, which often results in artificial problem…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-16 Anton Vasiliuk , Daria Frolova , Mikhail Belyaev , Boris Shirokikh

We study how the training data distribution affects confidence and performance in image classification models. We introduce Embedding Density, a model-agnostic framework that estimates prediction confidence by measuring the distance of test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Maksim Kazanskii , Artem Kasianov

In this paper, we tackle the detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) objects in semantic segmentation. By analyzing the literature, we found that current methods are either accurate or fast but not both which limits their usability in real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Victor Besnier , Andrei Bursuc , David Picard , Alexandre Briot

State-of-the-art models can perform well in controlled environments, but they often struggle when presented with out-of-distribution (OOD) examples, making OOD detection a critical component of NLP systems. In this paper, we focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Mateusz Baran , Joanna Baran , Mateusz Wójcik , Maciej Zięba , Adam Gonczarek
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