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Levitated optomechanical systems are rapidly becoming leading tools for precision sensing of forces and accelerations acting on particles in the femtogram to nanogram mass range. These systems enable a high level of control over the…

Flexible tactile sensors are increasingly used in real-world applications such as robotic grippers, prosthetic hands, wearable gloves, and assistive devices, where they need to conform to curved and irregular surfaces. However, most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Luoyan Zhong , Heather Jin Hee Kim , Dylan P. Losey , Cara M. Nunez

We study the detection of weak coherent forces by means of an optomechanical device formed by a highly reflecting isolated mirror shined by an intense and highly monochromatic laser field. Radiation pressure excites a vibrational mode of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Marco Lucamarini , David Vitali , Paolo Tombesi

Recently, great progress has been made in the field of ultrasensitive microwave detectors, reaching even the threshold for utilization in circuit quantum electrodynamics. However, cryogenic sensors lack the compatibility with broad-band…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 J. -P. Girard , R. E. Lake , W. Liu , R. Kokkoniemi , E. Visakorpi , J. Govenius , M. Möttönen

Soft robotic grippers demonstrate great potential for gently and safely handling objects; however, their full potential for executing precise and secure grasping has been limited by the lack of integrated sensors, leading to problems such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Wenjie Lai , Huu Duoc Nguyen , Jiajun Liu , Xingyu Chen , Soo Jay Phee

Methods for controlling the motion of single particles, optically levitated in vacuum, have developed rapidly in recent years. The technique of cold damping makes use of feedback-controlled, electrostatic forces to increase dissipation…

Levitated nano-oscillators are seen as promising platforms for testing fundamental physics and testing quantum mechanics in a new high mass regime. Levitation allows extreme isolation from the environment, reducing the decoherence processes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 A. Pontin , N. P. Bullier , M. Toroš , P. F. Barker

Many well theoretically motivated models of ultralight dark matter are expected to give rise to feeble oscillatory forces on macroscopic objects. Optically trapped sensors have high force sensitivities but have remained relatively…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-02 Louis Hamaide , Hannah Banks , Peter Barker , Andrew A. Geraci

We demonstrate thermally limited force spectroscopy using a probe formed by a dielectric microsphere optically trapped in water near a dielectric surface. We achieve force resolution below 1 fN in 100 s, corresponding to a 2 {\AA} rms…

Optics · Physics 2016-07-06 Lulu Liu , Simon Kheifets , Vincent Ginis , Federico Capasso

Micro- and nanomechanical resonators are emerging as promising platforms for quantum technologies, precision sensors and fundamental science experiments. To utilize these devices for force sensing or quantum optomechanics, they must be…

Using standard linear response relations, we derive the quantum limit on the sensitivity of a generic linear-response position detector, and the noise temperature of a generic linear amplifier. Particular emphasis is placed on the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. A. Clerk

We prove that the force sensitivity of the conventional optomechanical detector associated with the optical quadrature measurement of the output beam is lower bounded by the so-called ultimate quantum limit (UQL), i.e., the absolute value…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-15 Yang Gao , Hopui Ho , Haixi Zhang

Optomechanics allows the transduction of weak forces to optical fields, with many efforts approaching the standard quantum limit. We consider force-sensing using a mirror-in-the-middle setup and use two coupled cavity modes originated from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-10 Xunnong Xu , Jacob M. Taylor

A vacuum compatible cryogenic accelerometer is presented which will reach $<0.5$ p$g$ Hz$^{-1/2}$ sensitivity from 1 mHz to 10 Hz with a maximum sensitivity of 10 f$g$ Hz$^{-1/2}$ around 10 Hz. This figure can be translated to a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Joris Vincent van Heijningen

Nano electromechanical systems are considered as ultra sensitive devices for mass and force detection. Capacitive actuation is widely used in these devices but is known to degrade the quality factor of the resonator due to DC electrostatic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-07-27 T Barois , S Perisanu , P Poncharal , Philippe Vincent , A Ayari

The thermal Casimir effect, arising from fluctuating electromagnetic fields of thermally agitated charges, induces thermosensitive forces and presents a novel approach to detecting nanoscale hot electrons, elusive yet ubiquitous in modern…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Weikang Lu , Ziyi Xu , Hewan Zhang , Svend Age Biehs , Achim Kittel , Ludi Qin , Xue Gong , Huanyi Xue , Yanru Song , Zhengyang Zhong , Shiyou Chen , Kun Ding , Wei Lu , Zhenghua An

Optical measurement of the motion of a 940 kHz mechanical resonance of a silicon nitride nanostring resonator is demonstrated with a read out noise imprecision reaching 37 dB below that of the resonator's zero-point fluctuations. Via…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-04 Alex G. Krause , Tim D. Blasius , Oskar Painter

The accurate measurement of the net charge on a nanoparticle is critical in both the research and application of nanoparticles. Particularly, in the field of precision sensing based on optically levitated nanoparticles, the precise…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-03-08 Wang Jin-Chuan , Li Cui-Hong , Zhu Shao-Chong , He Chao-Xiong , Chen Zhi-Ming , Fu Zhen-Hai , Hu Hui-Zhu

To function autonomously in the physical world, humanoid robots need high-fidelity sensing systems, especially for forces that cannot be easily modeled. Modeling forces in robot feet is particularly challenging due to static indeterminacy,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Yuanfeng Han , Ruixin Li , Gregory S. Chirikjian

Mechanical resonators based on low-dimensional materials are promising for force and mass sensing experiments. The force sensitivity in these ultra-light resonators is often limited by the imprecision in the measurement of the vibrations,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-22 Peter Weber , Johannes Güttinger , Adrien Noury , Jorge Vergara-Cruz , Adrian Bachtold