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Related papers: QSSA: An SSA-based IR for Quantum Computing

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We propose Quantum Enhanced Simulated Annealing (QESA), a novel hybrid optimization framework that integrates quantum annealing (QA) into simulated annealing (SA) to tackle continuous optimization problems. While QA has shown promise in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Hristo N. Djidjev

A widely-used quantum programming paradigm comprises of both the data flow and control flow. Existing quantum hardware cannot well support the control flow, significantly limiting the range of quantum software executable on the hardware. By…

Continuing the scaling of quantum computers hinges on building classical control hardware pipelines that are scalable, extensible, and provide real time response. The instruction set architecture (ISA) of the control processor provides…

Intermediate representations (IRs) play a crucial role in the software stack of a quantum computer to facilitate efficient optimizations for executing an application on hardware. One of those IRs is the Quantum Intermediate Representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Yannick Stade , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Recent developments in engineering and algorithms have made real-world applications in quantum computing possible in the near future. Existing quantum programming languages and compilers use a quantum assembly language composed of 1- and…

Emerging quantum applications such as error mitigation, system characterization, and hybrid protocols often require running large families of related quantum circuits. Existing intermediate representations (IRs) and frameworks such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Sourish Wawdhane , Sashwat Anagolum , Poulami Das , Yunong Shi

Building a quantum computer that surpasses the computational power of its classical counterpart is a great engineering challenge. Quantum software optimizations can provide an accelerated pathway to the first generation of quantum computing…

We present a multi-level quantum-classical intermediate representation (IR) that enables an optimizing, retargetable, ahead-of-time compiler for available quantum programming languages. To demonstrate our architecture, we leverage our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-02 Thien Nguyen , Alexander McCaskey

Compiling quantum programs for fault-tolerant execution requires transforming high-level operations through multiple abstraction layers: from logical gates to error-corrected encodings to hardware-native instructions. A key challenge is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Andres Paz , Dan Grossman

While significant progress has been made on the hardware side of quantum computing, support for high-level quantum programming abstractions remains underdeveloped compared to classical programming languages. In this article, we introduce…

Quantum computing promises an effective way to solve targeted problems that are classically intractable. Among them, quantum computers built with superconducting qubits are considered one of the most advanced technologies, but they suffer…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Xiaorang Guo , Kun Qin , Martin Schulz

Execution of quantum algorithms requires a quantum computer architecture with a dedicated quantum instruction set that is capable of supporting translation of workloads into actual quantum operations acting on the qubits. State-of-the-art…

We propose an IR for quantum computing that directly exposes quantum and classical data dependencies for the purpose of optimization. The Quantum Intermediate Representation for Optimization (QIRO) consists of two dialects, one input…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-14 David Ittah , Thomas Häner , Vadym Kliuchnikov , Torsten Hoefler

The performance of current quantum hardware is severely limited. While expanding the quantum ISA with high-fidelity, expressive basis gates is a key path forward, it imposes significant gate calibration overhead and complicates compiler…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Zhaohui Yang , Dawei Ding , Qi Ye , Cupjin Huang , Jianxin Chen , Yuan Xie

Classical simulators play a major role in the development and benchmark of quantum algorithms and practically any software framework for quantum computation provides the option of running the algorithms on simulators. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Gian Giacomo Guerreschi

Any quantum computing application, once encoded as a quantum circuit, must be compiled before being executable on a quantum computer. Similar to classical compilation, quantum compilation is a sequential process with many compilation steps…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Nils Quetschlich , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum Intermediate Representation (QIR) is a Microsoft-developed, LLVM-based intermediate representation for quantum program compilers. QIR aims to provide a general solution for quantum program compilers independent of front-end…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Junjie Luo , Jianjun Zhao

With the growing interest in quantum programs, ensuring their correctness is a fundamental challenge. Although constraint-solving techniques can overcome some limitations of traditional testing and verification, they have not yet been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Shangzhou Xia , Haitao Fu , Jianjun Zhao

Noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) systems are expected to have a few hundred qubits, minimal or no error correction, limited connectivity and limits on the number of gates that can be performed within the short coherence window of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Prakash Murali , Ali Javadi-Abhari , Frederic T. Chong , Margaret Martonosi

We present a composable design scheme for the development of hybrid quantum/classical algorithms and workflows for applications of quantum simulation. Our object-oriented approach is based on constructing an expressive set of common data…

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