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Many epidemic models approximate social contact behavior by assuming random mixing within mixing groups (e.g., homes, schools and workplaces). The effect of more realistic social network structure on estimates of epidemic parameters is an…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-08-27 Gail E. Potter , Mark S. Handcock , Ira M. Longini, , M. Elizabeth Halloran

The dynamics of epidemics depend on how people's behavior changes during an outbreak. At the beginning of the epidemic, people do not know about the virus, then, after the outbreak of epidemics and alarm, they begin to comply with the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-11-29 I. A. Kastalskiy , E. V. Pankratova , E. M. Mirkes , V. B. Kazantsev , A. N. Gorban

This study empirically investigates the complex interplay between the severity of the coronavirus pandemic, mobility changes in retail and recreation, transit stations, workplaces, and residential areas, and lockdown measures in 88…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-06 Md. Mokhlesur Rahman , Jean-Claude Thill , Kamal Chandra Paul

Mathematical models of SARS-CoV-2 spread are used for guiding the design of mitigation steps aimed at containing and decelerating the contagion, and at identifying impending breaches of health care system surge capacity. The challenges of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-17 Daniela Calvetti , Alexander Hoover , Johnie Rose , Erkki Somersalo

In response to the worldwide outbreak of the coronavirus disease COVID-19, a variety of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as face masks and social distancing have been implemented. A careful assessment of the effects of such containment…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-18 Michael te Vrugt , Jens Bickmann , Raphael Wittkowski

Multilevel modeling is increasingly relevant in the context of modelling and simulation since it leads to several potential benefits, such as software reuse and integration, the split of semantically separated levels into sub-models, the…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Luca Serena , Moreno Marzolla , Gabriele D'Angelo , Stefano Ferretti

We investigate the effects of modular and temporal connectivity patterns on epidemic spreading. To this end, we introduce and analytically characterise a model of time-varying networks with tunable modularity. Within this framework, we…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-10-05 Matthieu Nadini , Kaiyuan Sun , Enrico Ubaldi , Michele Starnini , Alessandro Rizzo , Nicola Perra

Initially emerged in the Chinese city Wuhan and subsequently spread almost worldwide causing a pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 virus follows reasonably well the SIR (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered) epidemic model on contact networks in the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-10-28 Clara Pizzuti , Annalisa Socievole , Bastian Prasse , Piet Van Mieghem

We study a model of information spreading on multiplex networks, in which agents interact through multiple interaction channels (layers), say online vs.\ offline communication layers, subject to layer-switching cost for transmissions across…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-02-25 Byungjoon Min , Sang-Hwan Gwak , Nanoom Lee , K. -I. Goh

The study of social networks, and in particular the spread of disease on networks, has attracted considerable recent attention in the physics community. In this paper, we show that a large class of standard epidemiological models, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. E. J. Newman

When a new infectious disease (or a new strain of an existing one) emerges, as in the recent COVID-19 pandemic, different types of mobility restrictions are considered to slow down or mitigate the spread of the disease. The measures to be…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-21 Jõao Gabriel Simões Delboni , Gabriel Fabricius

Infodemics are a threat to public health, arising from multiple interacting phenomena occurring both online and offline. The continuous feedback loops between the digital information ecosystem and offline contingencies make infodemics…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Edoardo Loru , Marco Delmastro , Francesco Gesualdo , Matteo Cinelli

We propose a theoretical framework for the study of epidemics in structured metapopulations, with heterogeneous agents, subjected to recurrent mobility patterns. We propose to represent the heterogeneity in the composition of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-08-15 David Soriano-Paños , Laura Lotero , Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes , Alex Arenas

Mathematical modeling of epidemic spreading has been widely adopted to estimate the threats of epidemic diseases (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic) as well as to evaluate epidemic control interventions. The indoor place is considered to be a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-09-14 Yao Xiao , Mofeng Yang , Zheng Zhu , Hai Yang , Lei Zhang , Sepehr Ghader

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused significant mortality and morbidity worldwide, sparing almost no community. As the disease will likely remain a threat for years to come, an understanding of the precise influences of human demographics…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-02 Niayesh Afshordi , Benjamin Holder , Mohammad Bahrami , Daniel Lichtblau

Pandemic control measures like lock-down, restrictions on restaurants and gatherings, social-distancing have shown to be effective in curtailing the spread of COVID-19. However, their sustained enforcement has negative economic effects. To…

Passenger contact in public transit (PT) networks can be a key mediate in the spreading of infectious diseases. This paper proposes a time-varying weighted PT encounter network to model the spreading of infectious diseases through the PT…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-24 Baichuan Mo , Kairui Feng , Yu Shen , Clarence Tam , Daqing Li , Yafeng Yin , Jinhua Zhao

Despite many studies on the transmission mechanism of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it remains still challenging to efficiently reduce mortality. In this work, we apply a two-population…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-09-14 Long Ma , Maksim Kitsak , Piet Van Mieghem

Data of physical contacts and face-to-face communications suggest temporally varying networks as the media on which infections take place among humans and animals. Epidemic processes on temporal networks are complicated by complexity of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-07-12 Leo Speidel , Konstantin Klemm , Víctor M. Eguíluz , Naoki Masuda

Understanding how misinformation affects the spread of disease is crucial for public health, especially given recent research indicating that misinformation can increase vaccine hesitancy and discourage vaccine uptake. However, it is…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Matthew R. DeVerna , Francesco Pierri , Yong-Yeol Ahn , Santo Fortunato , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Menczer