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Related papers: A Transformer-based Model to Detect Phishing URLs

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In this paper, we present an adaptive framework designed for the continuous detection, identification and classification of emerging attacks in network traffic. The framework employs a transformer encoder architecture, which captures hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Frederic Adjewa , Moez Esseghir , Leila Merghem-Boulahia

The Uniform Resource Locator (URL), introduced in a connectivity-first era to define access and locate resources, remains historically limited, lacking future-proof mechanisms for security, trust, or resilience against fraud and abuse,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Najmul Hasan , Prashanth BusiReddyGari

Phishing remains a pervasive and growing threat, inflicting heavy economic and reputational damage. While machine learning has been effective in real-time detection of phishing attacks, progress is hindered by lack of large, high-quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Thomas Dalton , Hemanth Gowda , Girish Rao , Sachin Pargi , Alireza Hadj Khodabakhshi , Joseph Rombs , Stephan Jou , Manish Marwah

Phishing attacks remain among the most prevalent cybersecurity threats, causing significant financial losses for individuals and organizations worldwide. This paper presents a machine learning-based phishing email detection system that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Amitabh Chakravorty , Matthew Price , Nelly Elsayed , Zag ElSayed

The large transformer-based language models demonstrate excellent performance in natural language processing. By considering the transferability of the knowledge gained by these models in one domain to other related domains, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chandra Thapa , Seung Ick Jang , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Seyit Camtepe , Josef Pieprzyk , Surya Nepal

Recently, phishing scams have posed a significant threat to blockchains. Phishing detectors direct their efforts in hunting phishing addresses. Most of the detectors extract target addresses' transaction behavior features by random walking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Jinyin Chen , Haiyang Xiong , Dunjie Zhang , Zhenguang Liu , Jiajing Wu

Phishing websites are everywhere, and countermeasures based on static blocklists cannot cope with such a threat. To address this problem, state-of-the-art solutions entail the application of machine learning (ML) to detect phishing websites…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Ajka Draganovic , Savino Dambra , Javier Aldana Iuit , Kevin Roundy , Giovanni Apruzzese

Spam messes up users inbox, consumes resources and spread attacks like DDoS, MiM, phishing etc. Phishing is a byproduct of email and causes financial loss to users and loss of reputation to financial institutions. In this paper we examine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-08-09 Cynthia Dhinakaran , Dhinaharan Nagamalai , Jae Kwang Lee

Malicious URL detection is an emerging research area due to continuous modernization of various systems, for instance, Edge Computing. In this article, we present a novel malicious URL detection technique, called deepBF (deep learning and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Ripon Patgiri , Anupam Biswas , Sabuzima Nayak

Early detection of network intrusions and cyber threats is one of the main pillars of cybersecurity. One of the most effective approaches for this purpose is to analyze network traffic with the help of artificial intelligence algorithms,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Giacomo Zonneveld , Lorenzo Principi , Marco Baldi

The proliferation of malicious URLs has become a significant threat to internet security, encompassing SPAM, phishing, malware, and defacement attacks. Traditional detection methods struggle to keep pace with the evolving nature of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Swetha T , Seshaiah M , Hemalatha KL , ManjunathaKumar BH , Murthy SVN

Email phishing is one of the most prevalent and globally consequential vectors of cyber intrusion. As systems increasingly deploy Large Language Models (LLMs) applications, these systems face evolving phishing email threats that exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Najmul Hasan , Prashanth BusiReddyGari , Haitao Zhao , Yihao Ren , Jinsheng Xu , Shaohu Zhang

Detecting Domain Name System (DNS) tunneling is a significant challenge in security due to its capacity to hide harmful actions within DNS traffic that appears to be normal and legitimate. Traditional detection methods are based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Novruz Amirov , Baran Isik , Bilal Ihsan Tuncer , Serif Bahtiyar

VirusTotal (VT) provides aggregated threat intelligence on various entities including URLs, IP addresses, and binaries. It is widely used by researchers and practitioners to collect ground truth and evaluate the maliciousness of entities.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Euijin Choo , Mohamed Nabeel , Ravindu De Silva , Ting Yu , Issa Khalil

Malicious URLs host unsolicited content and are used to perpetrate cybercrimes. It is imperative to detect them in a timely manner. Traditionally, this is done through the usage of blacklists, which cannot be exhaustive, and cannot detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Hung Le , Quang Pham , Doyen Sahoo , Steven C. H. Hoi

Phishing is a type of attack in which cyber criminals tricks the victims to steal their personal and financial data. It has become an organized criminal activity. Spoofed emails claiming to be from legitimate source are crafted in a way to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-05-14 Ahmad Alamgir Khan

The rise of hardware-level security threats, such as side-channel attacks, hardware Trojans, and firmware vulnerabilities, demands advanced detection mechanisms that are more intelligent and adaptive. Traditional methods often fall short in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Banafsheh Saber Latibari , Najmeh Nazari , Avesta Sasan , Houman Homayoun , Pratik Satam , Soheil Salehi , Hossein Sayadi

Every day, internet thieves employ new ways to obtain personal identity people and get access to their personal information. Phishing is a somehow complex method that has recently been considered by internet thieves.The present study aims…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Shahrzad Sedaghat

We present a data generation framework designed to simulate spoofing attacks and randomly place attack scenarios worldwide. We apply deep neural network-based models for spoofing detection, utilizing Long Short-Term Memory networks and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jan Zelinka , Oliver Kost , Marek Hrúz

In actuality, phishing attacks remain one of the most prevalent cybersecurity risks in existence today, with malevolent actors constantly changing their strategies to successfully trick users. This paper presents an AI model for a phishing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Rudra Dubey , Arpit Mani Tripathi , Archit Srivastava , Sarvpal Singh