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Related papers: A Transformer-based Model to Detect Phishing URLs

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With the growth in digital transformation and Internet usage, the Social Engineering techniques such as Phishing have become a major concern for the users and the organizations. Phishing attacks involve deceptive techniques to trick users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nikhil Kumar Dora , Sumit Kumar Tetarave , Rishikesh Sahay , Madhusudan Singh , Xiaoqing Li

Phishing attacks have evolved and increased over time and, for this reason, the task of distinguishing between a legitimate site and a phishing site is more and more difficult, fooling even the most expert users. The main proposals focused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 F. Castaño , E. Fidalgo , E. Alegre , D. Chaves , M. Sanchez-Paniagua

Malicious advertisement URLs pose a security risk since they are the source of cyber-attacks, and the need to address this issue is growing in both industry and academia. Generally, the attacker delivers an attack vector to the user by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Ehsan Nowroozi , Abhishek , Mohammadreza Mohammadi , Mauro Conti

The detection of malicious websites has become a critical issue in cybersecurity. Therefore, this paper offers a comprehensive review of data-driven methods for detecting malicious websites. Traditional approaches and their limitations are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Zeyuan Hu , Ziang Yuan

The hypothesis here states that neural network algorithms such as Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) have higher accuracy in differentiating malicious and semi-structured phishing URLs. Compared to classical machine learning algorithms such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Pow Chang

The increase in the number of phishing demands innovative solutions to safeguard users from phishing attacks. This study explores the development and utilization of a real-time browser extension integrated with machine learning model to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Akshaya Arun , Nasr Abosata

Phishing is the most prevalent type of cyber-attack today and is recognized as the leading source of data breaches with significant consequences for both individuals and corporations. Web-based phishing attacks are the most frequent with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Muhammad Fahad Zia , Sri Harish Kalidass

Malicious URLs persistently threaten the cybersecurity ecosystem, by either deceiving users into divulging private data or distributing harmful payloads to infiltrate host systems. Gaining timely insights into the current state of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ye Tian , Yanqiu Yu , Jianguo Sun , Yanbin Wang

URLs are central to a myriad of cyber-security threats, from phishing to the distribution of malware. Their inherent ease of use and familiarity is continuously abused by attackers to evade defences and deceive end-users. Seemingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Mahathir Almashor , Ejaz Ahmed , Benjamin Pick , Sharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

This paper aims to provide an understanding of what a phishing attack is, the types of phishing attacks and methods employed by cyber criminals. This journal will also provide an understanding on where phishing attacks are carried via…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Mario Ciprian Birlea

Phishing has been a prevalent cyber threat that manipulates users into revealing sensitive private information through deceptive tactics, designed to masquerade as trustworthy entities. Over the years, proactively detection of phishing URLs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Maraz Mia , Darius Derakhshan , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom

This paper reveals a data bias issue that can severely affect the performance while conducting a machine learning model for malicious URL detection. We describe how such bias can be identified using interpretable machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 YunDa Tsai , Cayon Liow , Yin Sheng Siang , Shou-De Lin

Phishing detection on Ethereum has increasingly leveraged advanced machine learning techniques to identify fraudulent transactions. However, limited attention has been given to understanding the effectiveness of feature selection strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ahod Alghuried , Abdulaziz Alghamdi , Ali Alkinoon , Soohyeon Choi , Manar Mohaisen , David Mohaisen

Signature-based malware detectors have proven to be insufficient as even a small change in malignant executable code can bypass these signature-based detectors. Many machine learning-based models have been proposed to efficiently detect a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yash Jakhotiya , Heramb Patil , Jugal Rawlani , Sunil B. Mane

Phishing attacks attempt to deceive users into stealing sensitive information, posing a significant cybersecurity threat. Advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have led to the development of numerous phishing webpage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Aditya Kulkarni , Vivek Balachandran , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Tamal Das

Phishing attacks have become a serious and challenging issue for detection, explanation, and defense. Despite more than a decade of research on phishing, encompassing both technical and non-technical remedies, phishing continues to be a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Van Nguyen , Tingmin Wu , Xingliang Yuan , Marthie Grobler , Surya Nepal , Carsten Rudolph

Malicious domains are increasingly common and pose a severe cybersecurity threat. Specifically, many types of current cyber attacks use URLs for attack communications (e.g., C\&C, phishing, and spear-phishing). Despite the continuous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Chen Hajaj , Nitay Hason , Nissim Harel , Amit Dvir

Phishing continues to be one of the most prevalent attack vectors, making accurate classification of phishing URLs essential. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising results in phishing URL detection. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Holly Trikilis , Pasindu Marasinghe , Fariza Rashid , Suranga Seneviratne

Malicious websites are responsible for a majority of the cyber-attacks and scams today. Malicious URLs are delivered to unsuspecting users via email, text messages, pop-ups or advertisements. Clicking on or crawling such URLs can result in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Apoorva Joshi , Levi Lloyd , Paul Westin , Srini Seethapathy

The rise of QR code-based phishing ("Quishing") poses a growing cybersecurity threat, as attackers increasingly exploit QR codes to bypass traditional phishing defenses. Existing detection methods predominantly focus on URL analysis, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fouad Trad , Ali Chehab