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Observations show that the lower thermosphere of Mars ($\sim$100--140 km) is up to 40 K colder than the current general circulation models (GCMs) can reproduce. Possible candidates for physical processes missing in the models are larger…
In this paper we study the role of radiative cooling in a two-fluid model consisting of coupled neutrals and charged particles. We first analyze the linearized two-fluid equations where we include radiative losses in the energy equation for…
A model of a multilayer device with non-trivial geometrical structure and nonlinear dependencies of thermodynamic material properties at cryogenic temperatures is suggested. A considered device, called cryogenic cell, is intended for use in…
We numerically investigate the internal evolution of multiphase clouds, which are at rest with respect to an ambient, highly ionized medium (HIM) representing the hot component of the circumgalactic medium (CGM). Time-dependent saturated…
Understanding thermodynamics in liquids at the atomic level is challenging because of strong atomic interactions and lack of symmetry. Recent prior theoretical works have focused on describing heat capacity of liquids in terms of…
The relevance of some galactic feedback mechanisms, in particular cosmic ray feedback and the hydrogen ionizing radiation field, has been challenging to definitively describe in a galactic context, especially far outside the galaxy in the…
The hot plasma in galaxy clusters is expected to be heated to high temperatures through shocks and adiabatic compression. The thermodynamical properties of the gas encode information on the processes leading to the thermalization of the gas…
We consider the thermal structure and radii of strongly irradiated gas giant planets over a range in mass and irradiating flux. The cooling rate of the planet is sensitive to the surface boundary condition, which depends on the detailed…
The plasma heating during collisionless magnetic reconnection is investigated using particle-in-cell simulations. We analyze the time evolution of the plasma temperature associated with the motion of the reconnecting flux tube, where the…
It is shown that the isochoric heat capacity of dense gas, fluid and liquid decreases with increasing temperature at arbitrary values of a density for many pair interaction potentials, including bonded potentials; that a decrease of the…
The importance of inter-particle radiation for clusters of gray and diffuse particles is investigated. The radiative cooling of each individual particle is found to vary strongly with its position in the cluster, and a mean radiative…
Using hydrodynamical simulations coupled to a radiative transfer code, we study the additional heating effects in the intergalactic medium (IGM) produced by $z\sim 6$ quasars in their near-zones. If helium is predominantly in HeII to begin…
The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is the diffuse gas surrounding a galaxy's halo, and it plays a vital role in the galactic baryon cycle. However, its mass distribution across the virial phase and the cooler, denser atomic phase, remains…
The properties expected of "hot" non-flaring plasmas due to nanoflare heating in active regions are investigated using hydrodynamic modeling tools, including a two-fluid development of the EBTEL code. Here we study a single nanoflare and…
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third one, then they are also in equilibrium with each other. This study explores not only the final state of thermal equilibrium between ideal…
Energy loss through optically thin radiative cooling plays an important part in the evolution of astrophysical gas dynamics and should therefore be considered a necessary element in any numerical simulation. Although the addition of this…
Interstellar medium (ISM) structures gravitationally perturb stellar orbits in galactic disks, driving orbital heating and migration. However, studies of these transport processes tend to model the ISM very crudely, e.g., as a collection of…
We compare the central mass distribution of galaxies simulated with three different models of the interstellar medium (ISM) with increasing complexity: primordial (H+He) cooling down to 10^4K, additional cooling via metal lines and to lower…
A common situation in galactic and intergalactic gas involves cold dense gas in motion relative to hot diffuse gas. Kelvin-Helmholtz instability creates a turbulent mixing layer and populates the intermediate-temperature phase, which often…
Accretional heating of Earth's interior during formation is pivotal to its subsequent thermal and chemical evolution. In particular, impact heating of Earth's core is expected, but its amplitude and radial distribution within the core is…