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We introduce thoughts of words (ToW), a novel training-time data-augmentation method for next-word prediction. ToW views next-word prediction as a core reasoning task and injects fine-grained thoughts explaining what the next word should be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Zhikun Xu , Ming Shen , Jacob Dineen , Zhaonan Li , Xiao Ye , Shijie Lu , Aswin RRV , Chitta Baral , Ben Zhou

Word embedding (WE) techniques are advanced textual semantic representation models oriented from the natural language processing (NLP) area. Inspired by their effectiveness in facilitating various NLP tasks, more and more researchers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xiaohan Chen , Weiqin Zou , Lianyi Zhi , Qianshuang Meng , Jingxuan Zhang

This article focuses on the study of Word Embedding, a feature-learning technique in Natural Language Processing that maps words or phrases to low-dimensional vectors. Beginning with the linguistic theories concerning contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Xiaolei Lu , Bin Ni

Owing to the rapidly growing multimedia content available on the Internet, extractive spoken document summarization, with the purpose of automatically selecting a set of representative sentences from a spoken document to concisely express…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Kuan-Yu Chen , Shih-Hung Liu , Hsin-Min Wang , Berlin Chen , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Word embeddings -- distributed word representations that can be learned from unlabelled data -- have been shown to have high utility in many natural language processing applications. In this paper, we perform an extrinsic evaluation of five…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-05-21 Lizhen Qu , Gabriela Ferraro , Liyuan Zhou , Weiwei Hou , Nathan Schneider , Timothy Baldwin

Transformer language models encode the notion of word order using positional information. Most commonly, this positional information is represented by absolute position embeddings (APEs), that are learned from the pretraining data. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Koustuv Sinha , Amirhossein Kazemnejad , Siva Reddy , Joelle Pineau , Dieuwke Hupkes , Adina Williams

Neural topic models (NTMs) apply deep neural networks to topic modelling. Despite their success, NTMs generally ignore two important aspects: (1) only document-level word count information is utilized for the training, while more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Yuan Jin , He Zhao , Ming Liu , Lan Du , Wray Buntine

Pre-trained language models have led to a new state-of-the-art in many NLP tasks. However, for topic modeling, statistical generative models such as LDA are still prevalent, which do not easily allow incorporating contextual word vectors.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Johannes Schneider

Network representation learning (NRL) methods have received significant attention over the last years thanks to their success in several graph analysis problems, including node classification, link prediction, and clustering. Such methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Abdulkadir Çelikkanat , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Sequential word order is important when processing text. Currently, neural networks (NNs) address this by modeling word position using position embeddings. The problem is that position embeddings capture the position of individual words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Benyou Wang , Donghao Zhao , Christina Lioma , Qiuchi Li , Peng Zhang , Jakob Grue Simonsen

Word embedding is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique that automatically maps words from a vocabulary to vectors of real numbers in an embedding space. It has been widely used in recent years to boost the performance of a vari-ety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Arpita Roy , Youngja Park , SHimei Pan

Word embeddings carry stereotypical connotations from the text they are trained on, which can lead to invalid inferences in downstream models that rely on them. We use this observation to design a mechanism for measuring stereotypes using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Sunipa Dev , Tao Li , Jeff Phillips , Vivek Srikumar

Current emotional Text-To-Speech (TTS) and style transfer methods rely on reference encoders to control global style or emotion vectors, but do not capture nuanced acoustic details of the reference speech. To this end, we propose a novel…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Jianing Yang , Sheng Li , Takahiro Shinozaki , Yuki Saito , Hiroshi Saruwatari

Regularization of neural machine translation is still a significant problem, especially in low-resource settings. To mollify this problem, we propose regressing word embeddings (ReWE) as a new regularization technique in a system that is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Ehsan Zare Borzeshi , Nazanin Esmaili , Massimo Piccardi

Network embedding, which aims to learn low-dimensional representations of nodes, has been used for various graph related tasks including visualization, link prediction and node classification. Most existing embedding methods rely solely on…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Palash Goyal , Homa Hosseinmardi , Emilio Ferrara , Aram Galstyan

Attention-based neural models were employed to detect the different aspects and sentiment polarities of the same target in targeted aspect-based sentiment analysis (TABSA). However, existing methods do not specifically pre-train reasonable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Bin Liang , Jiachen Du , Ruifeng Xu , Binyang Li , Hejiao Huang

We present a novel learning method for word embeddings designed for relation classification. Our word embeddings are trained by predicting words between noun pairs using lexical relation-specific features on a large unlabeled corpus. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Kazuma Hashimoto , Pontus Stenetorp , Makoto Miwa , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Text classification, as the task consisting in assigning categories to textual instances, is a very common task in information science. Methods learning distributed representations of words, such as word embeddings, have become popular in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Arkaitz Zubiaga

We propose a topic-dependent attention model for sentiment classification and topic extraction. Our model assumes that a global topic embedding is shared across documents and employs an attention mechanism to derive local topic embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Gabriele Pergola , Lin Gui , Yulan He

Transformer-based end-to-end speech recognition models have received considerable attention in recent years due to their high training speed and ability to model a long-range global context. Position embedding in the transformer…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Shengqiang Li , Menglong Xu , Xiao-Lei Zhang