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Noise in quantum operations often negates the advantage of quantum computation. However, most classical simulations of quantum computers calculate the ideal probability amplitudes either storing full state vectors or using sophisticated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-18 Shigeo Hakkaku , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum Computing has been evolving in the last years. Although nowadays quantum algorithms performance has shown superior to their classical counterparts, quantum decoherence and additional auxiliary qubits needed for error tolerance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-06 O. M. Pires , E. I. Duzzioni , J. Marchi , R. Santiago

We propose a new framework of topological complexity to study the computational complexity of quantum circuits and tensor networks. Within this framework, we establish the Quon Classical Simulation (QCS) for hybrid Clifford-Matchgate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Zixuan Feng , Zhengwei Liu , Fan Lu , Ningfeng Wang

We develop and analyze a method for simulating quantum circuits on classical computers by representing quantum states as rooted tree tensor networks. Our algorithm first determines a suitable, fixed tree structure adapted to the expected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Philipp Seitz , Ismael Medina , Esther Cruz , Qunsheng Huang , Christian B. Mendl

Quantum circuits consisting of Clifford and matchgates are two classes of circuits that are known to be efficiently simulatable on a classical computer. We introduce a unified framework that shows in a transparent way the special structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Igor Ermakov , Oleg Lychkovskiy , Tim Byrnes

We present two classical algorithms for the simulation of universal quantum circuits on $n$ qubits constructed from $c$ instances of Clifford gates and $t$ arbitrary-angle $Z$-rotation gates such as $T$ gates. Our algorithms complement each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-27 Hakop Pashayan , Oliver Reardon-Smith , Kamil Korzekwa , Stephen D. Bartlett

Simulating quantum circuits is a computationally intensive task that relies heavily on tensor products and matrix multiplications, which can be inefficient. Recent advancements, eliminate the need for tensor products and matrix…

Let G(A,B) denote the 2-qubit gate which acts as the 1-qubit SU(2) gates A and B in the even and odd parity subspaces respectively, of two qubits. Using a Clifford algebra formalism we show that arbitrary uniform families of circuits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-19 Richard Jozsa , Akimasa Miyake

Quantum normalizer circuits were recently introduced as generalizations of Clifford circuits [arXiv:1201.4867]: a normalizer circuit over a finite Abelian group $G$ is composed of the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) over G, together with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-09 Juan Bermejo-Vega , Maarten Van den Nest

We optimize matrix-product state-based algorithms for simulating quantum circuits with finite fidelity, specifically the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) and the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithms, by exploiting the…

In 2008 Coecke and Duncan proposed the graphical ZX-calculus rewrite system which came to formalize reasoning with quantum circuits, measurements and quantum states. The ZX-calculus is sound for qubit quantum mechanics. Hence, equality of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 J Biamonte , A Nasrallah

We present Tsim, an open-source high-throughput simulator for universal noisy quantum circuits targeting quantum error correction. Tsim represents quantum circuits as ZX diagrams, where Pauli channels are modeled as parameterized vertices.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Rafael Haenel , Xiuzhe Luo , Chen Zhao

Large-scale quantum computation is likely to require massive quantum error correction (QEC). QEC codes and circuits are described via the stabilizer formalism, which represents stabilizer states by keeping track of the operators that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 Héctor J. García , Igor L. Markov , Andrew W. Cross

Determining the quantum-classical boundary between quantum circuits which can be efficiently simulated classically and those which cannot remains a fundamental question. One approach to classical simulation is to represent the output of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Zejun Liu , Bryan K. Clark

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states play a central role in quantum computing and communication protocols, as a typical multipartite entanglement resource. This work introduces an efficient enumeration and simulation method for circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Mingyuan Wang , Guus Avis , Stefan Krastanov

Quantum circuit model is the most popular paradigm for implementing complex quantum computation. Based on Cartan decomposition, we show that $2(N-1)$ generalized controlled-$X$ (GCX) gates, $6$ single-qubit rotations about the $y$- and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-13 Gui-Long Jiang , Hai-Rui Wei , Guo-Zhu Song , Ming Hua

Recent demonstrations of superconducting quantum computers by Google and IBM and trapped-ion computers from IonQ fueled new research in quantum algorithms, compilation into quantum circuits, and empirical algorithmics. While online access…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-26 Aneeqa Fatima , Igor L. Markov

Quantum computers allow a near-exponential speed-up for specific applications when compared to classical computers. Despite recent advances in the hardware of quantum computers, their practical usage is still severely limited due to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Tobias Fischbach , Pierre Talbot , Pascal Bouvry

Fermionic Gaussian circuits can be simulated efficiently on a classical computer, but become universal when supplemented with non-Gaussian operations. Similar to stabilizer circuits augmented with non-stabilizer resources, these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Beatriz Dias , Jan Lukas Bosse , James R. Seddon

We introduce the Iterative Clifford Circuit Renormalization (ICCR), a novel technique designed to efficiently handle the dynamics of non-stabilizerness (a.k.a. quantum magic) in generic quantum circuits. ICCR iteratively adjusts the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Alessio Paviglianiti , Guglielmo Lami , Mario Collura , Alessandro Silva