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A source code summary of a subroutine is a brief description of that subroutine. Summaries underpin a majority of documentation consumed by programmers, such as the method summaries in JavaDocs. Source code summarization is the task of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Alexander LeClair , Aakash Bansal , Collin McMillan

The capability of accurately determining code similarity is crucial in many tasks related to software development. For example, it might be essential to identify code duplicates for performing software maintenance. This research introduces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Jorge Martinez-Gil

Semantic similarity measures are a key component in natural language processing tasks such as document analysis, requirement matching, and user input interpretation. However, the performance of individual measures varies considerably across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Jorge Martinez-Gil

Text corpora which are tagged with part-of-speech information are useful in many areas of linguistic research. In this paper, a new part-of-speech tagging method based on neural networks (Net- Tagger) is presented and its performance is…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Helmut Schmid

Machine Translation for Indian languages is an emerging research area. Transliteration is one such module that we design while designing a translation system. Transliteration means mapping of source language text into the target language.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-07-15 Juhi Ameta , Nisheeth Joshi , Iti Mathur

Manual annotation of soiling on surround view cameras is a very challenging and expensive task. The unclear boundary for various soiling categories like water drops or mud particles usually results in a large variance in the annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Michal Uricar , Ganesh Sistu , Lucie Yahiaoui , Senthil Yogamani

In recent years, multi-label classification problem has become a controversial issue. In this kind of classification, each sample is associated with a set of class labels. Ensemble approaches are supervised learning algorithms in which an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Amirreza Mahdavi-Shahri , Mahboobeh Houshmand , Mahdi Yaghoobi , Mehrdad Jalali

Semantic annotation, the process of identifying key-phrases in texts and linking them to concepts in a knowledge base, is an important basis for semantic information retrieval and the Semantic Web uptake. Despite the emergence of semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Gagnon Michel , Zouaq Amal , Aranha Francisco , Ensan Faezeh , Jean-Louis Ludovic

Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (BLSTM-RNN) has been shown to be very effective for tagging sequential data, e.g. speech utterances or handwritten documents. While word embedding has been demoed as a powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-10-22 Peilu Wang , Yao Qian , Frank K. Soong , Lei He , Hai Zhao

This study illustrates how incorporating feedback-oriented annotations into the scoring pipeline can enhance the accuracy of automated essay scoring (AES). This approach is demonstrated with the Persuasive Essays for Rating, Selecting, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Christopher Ormerod

Many thousands of patent applications arrive at patent offices around the world every day. One important subtask when a patent application is submitted is to assign one or more classification codes from the complex and hierarchical patent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Eleni Kamateri , Vasileios Stamatis , Konstantinos Diamantaras , Michail Salampasis

Audio tagging aims to infer descriptive labels from audio clips. Audio tagging is challenging due to the limited size of data and noisy labels. In this paper, we describe our solution for the DCASE 2018 Task 2 general audio tagging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Kele Xu , Boqing Zhu , Qiuqiang Kong , Haibo Mi , Bo Ding , Dezhi Wang , Huaimin Wang

This study introduces an ensemble framework for unstructured text categorization using large language models (LLMs). By integrating multiple models, the ensemble large language model (eLLM) framework addresses common weaknesses of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Ariel Kamen , Yakov Kamen

Ensemble of predictions is known to perform better than individual predictions taken separately. However, for tasks that require heavy computational resources, e.g. semantic segmentation, creating an ensemble of learners that needs to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Walid Bousselham , Guillaume Thibault , Lucas Pagano , Archana Machireddy , Joe Gray , Young Hwan Chang , Xubo Song

Punctuation restoration is an important post-processing step in automatic speech recognition. Among other kinds of external information, part-of-speech (POS) taggers provide informative tags, suggesting each input token's syntactic role,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Ning Shi , Wei Wang , Boxin Wang , Jinfeng Li , Xiangyu Liu , Zhouhan Lin

Semantic caching enhances the efficiency of large language model (LLM) systems by identifying semantically similar queries, storing responses once, and serving them for subsequent equivalent requests. However, existing semantic caching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shervin Ghaffari , Zohre Bahranifard , Mohammad Akbari

Annotated data is an essential ingredient in natural language processing for training and evaluating machine learning models. It is therefore very desirable for the annotations to be of high quality. Recent work, however, has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Jan-Christoph Klie , Bonnie Webber , Iryna Gurevych

This paper describes a new method, Combi-bootstrap, to exploit existing taggers and lexical resources for the annotation of corpora with new tagsets. Combi-bootstrap uses existing resources as features for a second level machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jakub Zavrel , Walter Daelemans

In lexical semantics, full-sentence segmentation and segment labeling of various phenomena are generally treated separately, despite their interdependence. We hypothesize that a unified lexical semantic recognition task is an effective way…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Nelson F. Liu , Daniel Hershcovich , Michael Kranzlein , Nathan Schneider

Ensemble methods using multiple classifiers have proven to be the most successful approach for the task of Native Language Identification (NLI), achieving the current state of the art. However, a systematic examination of ensemble methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Shervin Malmasi , Mark Dras