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Discrete time crystals (DTC) have emerged as a significant phase of matter for out-of-equilibrium many-body systems. We study how long-range interactions and disorder contribute to the stability of the DTC phase. Generally, a stable DTC…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-05-20 Aarya Bothra , Arti Garg

Periodically driven quantum systems manifest various non-equilibrium features which are absent at equilibrium. For example, discrete time-translation symmetry can be broken in periodically driven quantum systems leading to an exotic phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-09 C. M. Dai , Z. C. Gu , X. X. Yi

We show that a one-dimensional chain of trapped ions can be engineered to produce a quantum mechanical system with discrete scale invariance and fractal-like time dependence. By discrete scale invariance we mean a system that replicates…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2019-07-31 Dean Lee , Jacob Watkins , Dillon Frame , Gabriel Given , Rongzheng He , Ning Li , Bing-Nan Lu , Avik Sarkar

We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain driven by a periodic magnetic field. Based on its instantaneous integrability and inherent symmetry, we analytically study the magnetization and many-body tunneling…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-07-22 Xiaotong Chen , Jianda Wu

Quantum many-body systems display rich phase structure in their low-temperature equilibrium states. However, much of nature is not in thermal equilibrium. Remarkably, it was recently predicted that out-of-equilibrium systems can exhibit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Xiao Mi , Matteo Ippoliti , Chris Quintana , Ami Greene , Zijun Chen , Jonathan Gross , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Joseph C. Bardin , Joao Basso , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexander Bilmes , Alexandre Bourassa , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Benjamin Chiaro , Roberto Collins , William Courtney , Dripto Debroy , Sean Demura , Alan R. Derk , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Edward Farhi , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Craig Gidney , Marissa Giustina , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Jeremy Hilton , Alan Ho , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , L. B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Dvir Kafri , Tanuj Khattar , Seon Kim , Alexei Kitaev , Paul V. Klimov , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Joonho Lee , Kenny Lee , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor McCourt , Matt McEwen , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Shirin Montazeri , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O\' Brien , Alex Opremcak , Eric Ostby , Balint Pato , Andre Petukhov , Nicholas C. Rubin , Daniel Sank , Kevin J. Satzinger , Vladimir Shvarts , Yuan Su , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Matthew D. Trevithick , Benjamin Villalonga , Theodore White , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Adam Zalcman , Hartmut Neven , Sergio Boixo , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Anthony Megrant , Julian Kelly , Yu Chen , S. L. Sondhi , Roderich Moessner , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Vedika Khemani , Pedram Roushan

Time crystals are quantum many-body systems which are able to self-organize their motion in a periodic way in time. Discrete time crystals have been experimentally demonstrated in spin systems. However, the first idea of spontaneous…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-07-16 Krzysztof Giergiel , Arkadiusz Kosior , Peter Hannaford , Krzysztof Sacha

Floquet time crystal, which breaks discrete time-translation symmetry, is an intriguing phenomenon in non-equilibrium systems. It is crucial to understand the rigidity and robustness of discrete time crystal (DTC) phases in a many-body…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2023-05-16 Peng Xu , Tian-Shu Deng

Recently, a temperature-sensitive long-range attraction colloidal system exhibiting melting and pre-melting of colloidal crystals has been reported by Li et al.[1]. If it is true, it would be an ideal system to simulate a board range of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-03-16 Xin Cao , Maijia Liao , Xiao Xiao

Time crystals are classified as discrete or continuous depending on whether they spontaneously break discrete or continuous time translation symmetry. While discrete time crystals have been extensively studied in periodically driven systems…

Periodically driven (Floquet) systems are described by time dependent Hamiltonians that possess discrete time translation symmetry. The spontaneous breaking of this symmetry leads to the emergence of a novel non-equilibrium phase of matter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-15 Sayan Choudhury

We examine the distinct discrete time crystals (DTCs) that emerge in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, subjected to spatially nonuniform periodic driving. Intriguingly, we demonstrate that by appropriately tailoring the drive protocol,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Shashank Mishra , Sayan Choudhury

We propose a novel protocol to realize discrete time-crystal (DTC) order in clean, periodically driven spin-$1/2$ chains. In each drive cycle, a global spin flip is followed by a two-tone flat-band segment. This flat-band segment engineers…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-17 Mahbub Rahaman , Analabha Roy

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are non-equilibrium phases of matter that break the discrete time-translation symmetry and is characterized by a robust subharmonic response in periodically driven quantum systems. Here, we explore the DTC in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Ling-Zhi Tang , Xiao Li , Z. D. Wang , Dan-Wei Zhang

Periodically driven quantum systems host a range of non-equilibrium phenomena which are unrealizable at equilibrium. Discrete time-translational symmetry in a periodically driven many-body system can be spontaneously broken to form a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-11 James O'Sullivan , Oliver Lunt , Christoph W. Zollitsch , M. L. W. Thewalt , John J. L. Morton , Arijeet Pal

Time crystals are periodic states exhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking in either time-independent or periodically forced quantum many-body systems. Spontaneous modification of discrete time translation symmetry in a periodically driven…

Optics · Physics 2022-03-01 Hossein Taheri , Andrey B. Matsko , Lute Maleki , Krzysztof Sacha

Discrete Floquet time crystals (DFTC) are characterized by the spontaneous breaking of the discrete time-translational invariance characteristic of Floquet driven systems. In analogy with equilibrium critical points, also time-crystalline…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-17 Guido Giachetti , Andrea Solfanelli , Lorenzo Correale , Nicolò Defenu

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are nonequilibrium phases of matter characterized by robust subharmonic order parameter dynamics. We report a new type of DTC in a periodically driven surface code, the subharmonic signature of which is only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Raditya Weda Bomantara

Boundary time crystals (BTCs) break time-translation symmetry and exhibit long-lived, robust oscillations insensitive to initial conditions. We show that collective spin BTCs can admit emergent topological winding numbers in operator space.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Dominik Nemeth , Ahsan Nazir , Alessandro Principi , Robert-Jan Slager

Discrete time crystals (DTCs) are non-equilibrium phases in periodically driven systems that exhibit spontaneous breaking of discrete time-translation symmetry. The stabilization of most DTC phases is achieved via the disorder-induced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Jian-Jia Wang , Ling-Zhi Tang , Yan-Xiong Du , Dan-Wei Zhang

We study the collective dynamics of a clean Floquet system of cold atoms, numerically simulating two realistic set-ups based on a regular chain of interacting Rydberg atoms driven by laser fields. In both cases, the population evolution and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-14 Chuhui Fan , D. Rossini , Han-Xiao Zhang , Jin-Hui Wu , M. Artoni , G. C. La Rocca