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To protect users from data breaches and phishing attacks, service providers typically implement two-factor authentication (2FA) to add an extra layer of security against suspicious login attempts. However, since 2FA can sometimes hinder…

Despite being more secure and strongly promoted, two-factor (2FA) or multi-factor (MFA) schemes either fail to protect against recent phishing threats such as real-time MITM, controls/relay MITM, malicious browser extension-based phishing…

We propose a two-factor authentication (2FA) mechanism called 2D-2FA to address security and usability issues in existing methods. 2D-2FA has three distinguishing features: First, after a user enters a username and password on a login…

We present True2F, a system for second-factor authentication that provides the benefits of conventional authentication tokens in the face of phishing and software compromise, while also providing strong protection against token faults and…

The traditional two-factor authentication (2FA) methods primarily rely on the user manually entering a code or token during the authentication process. This can be burdensome and time-consuming, particularly for users who must be…

Attackers increasingly, and with high success rates, use social engineering techniques to circumvent second factor authentication (2FA) technologies, compromise user accounts and sidestep fraud detection technologies. We introduce a social…

Two-factor authentication (2FA) offers several security benefits that security-conscious users might expect from high-value services such as online banks. In this work, we present our preliminary study to develop a scoring scheme to…

Two-factor authentication (2FA) schemes that rely on a combination of knowledge factors (e.g., PIN) and device possession have gained popularity. Some of these schemes remain secure even against strong adversaries that (a) observe the…

Face mask detection has become increasingly important recently, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many face detection models have been developed in smart entryways using IoT. However, there is a lack of IoT development on face mask…

With the rise of attacks on online accounts in the past years, more and more services offer two-factor authentication for their users. Having factors out of two of the three categories something you know, something you have and something…

To prevent password breaches and guessing attacks, banks increasingly turn to two-factor authentication (2FA), requiring users to present at least one more factor, such as a one-time password generated by a hardware token or received via…

The proliferation of sensitive information being stored online highlights the pressing need for secure and efficient user authentication methods. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel zero-effort two-factor authentication (2FA)…

Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to protect users against attacks involving stolen passwords. RBA monitors features during login, and requests re-authentication when feature values widely differ from previously observed ones. It is…

Protecting and preventing sensitive data from being used inappropriately has become a challenging task. Even a small mistake in securing data can be exploited by phishing attacks to release private information such as passwords or financial…

Two-factor authentication (2F) aims to enhance resilience of password-based authentication by requiring users to provide an additional authentication factor, e.g., a code generated by a security token. However, it also introduces…

Two-factor authentication (2FA) has become widely adopted as an efficient and secure way to validate someone's identity online. Two-factor authentication is difficult in virtual reality (VR) because users are usually wearing a head-mounted…

The existing authentication system has two entry points (i.e., username and password fields) to interact with the outside, but neither of them has a gatekeeper, making the system vulnerable to cyberattacks. In order to ensure the…

This work focuses on the problem of detection and prevention of stolen and misused secrets (such as private keys) for authentication toward centralized services. We propose a solution for such a problem based on the blockchain-based…

The digital age requires strong security measures to protect online activities. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) has emerged as a critical solution. However, its implementation presents significant challenges, particularly in terms of…

Nowadays, cyberattacks are growing exponentially, causing havoc to Internet users. In particular, authentication attacks constitute the major attack vector where intruders impersonate legitimate users to maliciously access systems or…