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Much of human communication depends on implication, conveying meaning beyond literal words to express a wider range of thoughts, intentions, and feelings. For models to better understand and facilitate human communication, they must be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Shreya Havaldar , Hamidreza Alvari , John Palowitch , Mohammad Javad Hosseini , Senaka Buthpitiya , Alex Fabrikant

Figurative language understanding has been recently framed as a recognizing textual entailment (RTE) task (a.k.a. natural language inference, or NLI). However, similar to classical RTE/NLI datasets, the current benchmarks suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Arkadiy Saakyan , Debanjan Ghosh , Smaranda Muresan

Applications of narrative theories using large language models (LLMs) deliver promising use-cases in automatic story generation and understanding tasks. Our survey examines how natural language processing (NLP) research engages with fields…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 David Y. Liu , Aditya Joshi , Paul Dawson

Can visual imagery be driven solely by language? This idea goes against cognitive science's traditional view that visual mental imagery is only possible through pictorial representations. Large Language Models (LLMs) provide nascent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Morgan McCarty , Jorge Morales

Idiomatic expressions are an integral part of human languages, often used to express complex ideas in compressed or conventional ways (e.g. eager beaver as a keen and enthusiastic person). However, their interpretations may not be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Wei He , Tiago Kramer Vieira , Marcos Garcia , Carolina Scarton , Marco Idiart , Aline Villavicencio

The relationship between communicated language and intended meaning is often probabilistic and sensitive to context. Numerous strategies attempt to estimate such a mapping, often leveraging recursive Bayesian models of communication. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Benjamin Lipkin , Lionel Wong , Gabriel Grand , Joshua B Tenenbaum

Idioms present a unique challenge for language models due to their non-compositional figurative interpretations, which often strongly diverge from the idiom's literal interpretation. In this paper, we employ causal tracing to systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Soyoung Oh , Xinting Huang , Mathis Pink , Michael Hahn , Vera Demberg

This paper discusses and demonstrates the outcomes from our experimentation on Image Captioning. Image captioning is a much more involved task than image recognition or classification, because of the additional challenge of recognizing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Vikram Mullachery , Vishal Motwani

Distributed representations of meaning are a natural way to encode covariance relationships between words and phrases in NLP. By overcoming data sparsity problems, as well as providing information about semantic relatedness which is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-03-21 Karl Moritz Hermann , Phil Blunsom

Figurative language generation is the task of reformulating a given text in the desired figure of speech while still being faithful to the original context. We take the first step towards multi-figurative language modelling by providing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Huiyuan Lai , Malvina Nissim

Logical reasoning is central to human cognition and intelligence. It includes deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning. Past research of logical reasoning within AI uses formal language as knowledge representation and symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Zonglin Yang , Xinya Du , Rui Mao , Jinjie Ni , Erik Cambria

Scaling existing applications and solutions to multiple human languages has traditionally proven to be difficult, mainly due to the language-dependent nature of preprocessing and feature engineering techniques employed in traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Xiaotong Liu , Yingbei Tong , Anbang Xu , Rama Akkiraju

Internet memes represent a popular form of multimodal online communication and often use figurative elements to convey layered meaning through the combination of text and images. However, it remains largely unclear how multimodal large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Shijia Zhou , Saif M. Mohammad , Barbara Plank , Diego Frassinelli

Prediction in language has traditionally been studied using simple designs in which neural responses to expected and unexpected words are compared in a categorical fashion. However, these designs have been contested as being `prediction…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-09-11 Micha Heilbron , Benedikt Ehinger , Peter Hagoort , Floris P. de Lange

In the rapidly evolving field of Explainable Natural Language Processing (NLP), textual explanations, i.e., human-like rationales, are pivotal for explaining model predictions and enriching datasets with interpretable labels. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Mahdi Dhaini , Juraj Vladika , Ege Erdogan , Zineb Attaoui , Gjergji Kasneci

Word representations induced from models with discrete latent variables (e.g.\ HMMs) have been shown to be beneficial in many NLP applications. In this work, we exploit labeled syntactic dependency trees and formalize the induction problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-02-08 Simon Šuster , Gertjan van Noord , Ivan Titov

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has become one of the leading application areas in the current Artificial Intelligence boom. Transfer learning has enabled large deep learning neural networks trained on the language modeling task to vastly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Csaba Veres

Learning disentangled representations of natural language is essential for many NLP tasks, e.g., conditional text generation, style transfer, personalized dialogue systems, etc. Similar problems have been studied extensively for other forms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Pengyu Cheng , Martin Renqiang Min , Dinghan Shen , Christopher Malon , Yizhe Zhang , Yitong Li , Lawrence Carin

Language models are increasingly being deployed as user simulators, but their memory is far more reliable than that of real users. To measure this gap, we run a series of classic memory experiments from psychology on both humans and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Qihan Wang , Nicholas Tomlin , Michael Hu , Brian Dillon , Tal Linzen

Language models (LMs) are trained on collections of documents, written by individual human agents to achieve specific goals in an outside world. During training, LMs have access only to text of these documents, with no direct evidence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Jacob Andreas