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Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) have emerged as promising methodologies for addressing challenges in automated cyber defence (ACD). These techniques offer adaptive decision-making capabilities in…

Attributing a cyber-operation through the use of multiple pieces of technical evidence (i.e., malware reverse-engineering and source tracking) and conventional intelligence sources (i.e., human or signals intelligence) is a difficult…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Paulo Shakarian , Gerardo I. Simari , Geoffrey Moores , Simon Parsons , Marcelo A. Falappa

Powerful predictive AI systems have demonstrated great potential in augmenting human decision making. Recent empirical work has argued that the vision for optimal human-AI collaboration requires 'appropriate reliance' of humans on AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Gaole He , Abri Bharos , Ujwal Gadiraju

The concept of cyber deception has been receiving emerging attention. The development of cyber defensive deception techniques requires interdisciplinary work, among which cognitive science plays an important role. In this work, we adopt a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yinan Hu , Quanyan Zhu

With widespread applications of artificial intelligence (AI), the capabilities of the perception, understanding, decision-making and control for autonomous systems have improved significantly in the past years. When autonomous systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Chongzhen Zhang , Jianrui Wang , Gary G. Yen , Chaoqiang Zhao , Qiyu Sun , Yang Tang , Feng Qian , Jürgen Kurths

For AI systems to be useful to humans, they must understand and act in accordance with our values and preferences. Since specifying preferences is a hard task, inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) aims to develop methods that allow for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Karim Abdel Sadek , Mark Bedaywi , Rhys Gould , Stuart Russell

The goal of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is to infer a reward function that explains the behavior of an agent performing a task. The assumption that most approaches make is that the demonstrated behavior is near-optimal. In many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Luis Haug , Ivan Ovinnikov , Eugene Bykovets

The need for autonomous and adaptive defense mechanisms has become paramount in the rapidly evolving landscape of cyber threats. Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MADRL) presents a promising approach to enhancing the efficacy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mingjun Wang , Remington Dechene

In the vast domain of cybersecurity, the transition from reactive defense to offensive has become critical in protecting digital infrastructures. This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into offensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Leroy Jacob Valencia

This paper presents a holistic approach to attacker preference modeling from system-level audit logs using inverse reinforcement learning (IRL). Adversary modeling is an important capability in cybersecurity that lets defenders characterize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Aditya Shinde , Prashant Doshi

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have brought new capabilities to behavioural analysis (UEBA) for cyber-security consisting in the detection of hostile action based on the unusual nature of events observed on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Alexandre Dey , Marc Velay , Jean-Philippe Fauvelle , Sylvain Navers

To collaborate well with robots, we must be able to understand their decision making. Humans naturally infer other agents' beliefs and desires by reasoning about their observable behavior in a way that resembles inverse reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Michael S. Lee , Henny Admoni , Reid Simmons

Imitation learning has proven effective for training robots to perform complex tasks from expert human demonstrations. However, it remains limited by its reliance on high-quality, task-specific data, restricting adaptability to the diverse…

Autonomous Cyber Operations (ACO) rely on Reinforcement Learning (RL) to train agents to make effective decisions in the cybersecurity domain. However, existing ACO applications require agents to learn from scratch, leading to slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Konur Tholl , Mariam El Mezouar , Ranwa Al Mallah

Defending computer networks from cyber attack requires timely responses to alerts and threat intelligence. Decisions about how to respond involve coordinating actions across multiple nodes based on imperfect indicators of compromise while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-05 John Mern , Kyle Hatch , Ryan Silva , Cameron Hickert , Tamim Sookoor , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Unmanned vehicles able to conduct advanced operations without human intervention are being developed at a fast pace for many purposes. Not surprisingly, they are also expected to significantly change how military operations can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Henrik Madsen , Gudmund Grov , Federico Mancini , Magnus Baksaas , Åvald Åslaugson Sommervoll

Online reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms offer great potential for personalizing treatment for participants in clinical trials. However, deploying an online, autonomous algorithm in the high-stakes healthcare setting makes quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Anna L. Trella , Kelly W. Zhang , Inbal Nahum-Shani , Vivek Shetty , Iris Yan , Finale Doshi-Velez , Susan A. Murphy

Adversarial Imitation Learning (AIL) is a class of algorithms in Reinforcement learning (RL), which tries to imitate an expert without taking any reward from the environment and does not provide expert behavior directly to the policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Samin Yeasar Arnob

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a promising approach to avoid costly online interaction with the real environment. However, the performance of offline RL highly depends on the quality of the datasets, which may cause…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yiwen Hou , Haoyuan Sun , Jinming Ma , Feng Wu

Machine learning algorithms are effective in several applications, but they are not as much successful when applied to intrusion detection in cyber security. Due to the high sensitivity to their training data, cyber detectors based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Giovanni Apruzzese , Mauro Andreolini , Michele Colajanni , Mirco Marchetti