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The detection of advanced persistent threats (APTs) remains a crucial challenge due to their stealthy, multistage nature and the limited availability of realistic, labeled datasets for systematic evaluation. Synthetic dataset generation has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Saleem Ishaq Tijjani , Bogdan Ghita , Nathan Clarke , Matthew Craven

Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) attacks have plagued modern enterprises, causing significant financial losses. To counter these attacks, researchers propose techniques that capture the complex and stealthy scenarios of APT attacks by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Shaofei Li , Feng Dong , Xusheng Xiao , Haoyu Wang , Fei Shao , Jiedong Chen , Yao Guo , Xiangqun Chen , Ding Li

Developing secure machine learning models from adversarial examples is challenging as various methods are continually being developed to generate adversarial attacks. In this work, we propose an evolutionary approach to automatically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Kishor Datta Gupta , Zahid Akhtar , Dipankar Dasgupta

Recent work has demonstrated robust mechanisms by which attacks can be orchestrated on machine learning models. In contrast to adversarial examples, backdoor or trojan attacks embed surgically modified samples with targeted labels in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Zhaoyuan Yang , Naresh Iyer , Johan Reimann , Nurali Virani

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are sophisticated cyber attacks that can remain undetected for extended periods, making their mitigation particularly challenging. Given their persistence, significant effort is required to detect them and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Parth Atulbhai Gandhi , Prasanna N. Wudali , Yonatan Amaru , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

Provenance-based threat hunting identifies Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) on endpoints by correlating attack patterns described in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) with provenance graphs derived from system audit logs. A fundamental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Xuebo Qiu , Mingqi Lv , Yimei Zhang , Tieming Chen , Tiantian Zhu , Qijie Song , Shouling Ji

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are sophisticated, long-term cyberattacks that are difficult to detect because they operate stealthily and often blend into normal system behavior. This paper presents a neuro-symbolic anomaly detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Asif Tauhid , Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Mohamad Altrabulsi , Ahamed Foisal , Talal Rahwan

Continual Learning in artificial neural networks suffers from interference and forgetting when different tasks are learned sequentially. This paper introduces the Active Long Term Memory Networks (A-LTM), a model of sequential multi-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Tommaso Furlanello , Jiaping Zhao , Andrew M. Saxe , Laurent Itti , Bosco S. Tjan

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are among the most sophisticated threats facing critical organizations worldwide. APTs employ specific tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) which make them difficult to detect in comparison to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Almuthanna Alageel , Sergio Maffeis , Imperial College London

The highest level in the Endsley situation awareness model is called projection when the status of elements in the environment in the near future is predicted. In cybersecurity situation awareness, the projection for an Advanced Persistent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Motahareh Dehghan , Babak Sadeghiyan , Erfan Khosravian , Alireza Sedighi Moghaddam , Farshid Nooshi

Insider threat detection presents unique challenges due to the authorized status of malicious actors and the subtlety of anomalous behaviors. Existing machine learning methods often treat user activity as isolated events, thereby failing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mohamed Elbasheer , Adewale Akinfaderin

Cyber supply chain, encompassing digital asserts, software, hardware, has become an essential component of modern Information and Communications Technology (ICT) provisioning. However, the growing inter-dependencies have introduced numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Zhuoran Tan , Christos Anagnostopoulos , Jeremy Singer

Advanced persistent threats (APTs) are organized prolonged cyberattacks by sophisticated attackers. Although APT activities are stealthy, they interact with the system components and these interactions lead to information flows. Dynamic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Shana Moothedath , Dinuka Sahabandu , Joey Allen , Linda Bushnell , Wenke Lee , Radha Poovendran

The growing deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart cities and industrial environments increases vulnerability to stealthy, multi-stage advanced persistent threats (APTs) that exploit wireless communication. Detection is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Quhura Fathima , Neda Moghim , Mostafa Taghizade Firouzjaee , Christo K. Thomas , Ross Gore , Walid Saad

Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) pose a major cybersecurity challenge due to their stealth, persistence, and adaptability. Traditional machine learning detectors struggle with class imbalance, high dimensional features, and scarce real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

Modern enterprise networks comprise diverse and heterogeneous systems that support a wide range of services, making it challenging for administrators to track and analyze sophisticated attacks such as advanced persistent threats (APTs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Seunghyeon Lee , Hyunmin Seo , Hwanjo Heo , Anduo Wang , Seungwon Shin , Jinwoo Kim

Deep anomaly detection on sequential data has garnered significant attention due to the wide application scenarios. However, deep learning-based models face a critical security threat - their vulnerability to backdoor attacks. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 He Cheng , Shuhan Yuan

The rapid expansion of Internet use has increased system exposure to cyber threats, with advanced persistent threats (APTs) being especially challenging due to their stealth, prolonged duration, and multi-stage attacks targeting high-value…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Willie Kouam , Stefan Rass

Advance Persistent Threats (APTs), adopted by most delicate attackers, are becoming increasing common and pose great threat to various enterprises and institutions. Data provenance analysis on provenance graphs has emerged as a common…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Zian Jia , Yun Xiong , Yuhong Nan , Yao Zhang , Jinjing Zhao , Mi Wen

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent a sophisticated and persistent cy-bersecurity challenge, characterized by stealthy, multi-phase, and targeted attacks aimed at compromising information systems over an extended period.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bassam Noori Shaker , Bahaa Al-Musawi , Mohammed Falih Hassan