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It is proved that every regular expression of alphabetic width $n$, that is, with $n$ occurrences of symbols of the alphabet, can be transformed into a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) with $2^{\frac{n}{2}+(\frac{\log_2…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Olga Martynova , Alexander Okhotin

We show that if a semisimple synchronizing automaton with $n$ states has a minimal reachable non-unary subset of cardinality $r\ge 2$, then there is a reset word of length at most $(n-1)D(2,r,n)$, where $D(2,r,n)$ is the $2$-packing number…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Emanuele Rodaro

We introduce a new complexity measure for finite strings using probabilistic finite-state automata (PFAs), in the same spirit as existing notions employing DFAs and NFAs, and explore its properties. The PFA complexity $A_P(x)$ is the least…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Kenneth Gill

The state complexity of a Deterministic Finite-state automaton (DFA) is the number of states in its minimal equivalent DFA. We study the state complexity of random $n$-state DFAs over a $k$-symbol alphabet, drawn uniformly from the set…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-03 Daniel Berend , Aryeh Kontorovich

#NFA refers to the problem of counting the words of length $n$ accepted by a non-deterministic finite automaton. #NFA is #P-hard, and although fully-polynomial-time randomized approximation schemes (FPRAS) exist, they are all impractical.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Kuldeep S. Meel , Alexis de Colnet

A word is called carefully synchronising for a partial deterministic finite semi-automaton if it maps all states to the same state. Equivalently, it is a composition of partial transformations equal to a constant total transformation. There…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Andrew Ryzhikov

We have improved an algorithm generating synchronizing automata with a large length of the shortest reset words. This has been done by refining some known results concerning bounds on the reset length. Our improvements make possible to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-15 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Jakub Kowalski , Marek Szykuła

It has been known since the 60's that any complete discrete $n$-state automaton admits a reset word of length not exceeding $\alpha n^3+o(n^3)$ for some absolute constant $\alpha$. J.-E. Pin and P. Frankl proved this statement with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-23 Yaroslav Shitov

Families of DFAs (FDFAs) have recently been introduced as a new representation of $\omega$-regular languages. They target ultimately periodic words, with acceptors revolving around accepting some representation $u\cdot v^\omega$. Three…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Yong Li , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang

Finite state automata (FSA) are ubiquitous in computer science. Two of the most important algorithms for FSA processing are the conversion of a non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) to a deterministic finite automaton (DFA), and then the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2011-03-30 Vlad Slavici , Daniel Kunkle , Gene Cooperman , Stephen Linton

This paper establishes a lower bound on the number of states necessary in the worst case to simulate an $n$-state two-way nondeterministic finite automaton (2NFA) by a one-way unambiguous finite automaton (UFA). It is proved that for every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Semyon Petrov , Alexander Okhotin

Families of DFAs (FDFAs) provide an alternative formalism for recognizing $\omega$-regular languages. The motivation for introducing them was a desired correlation between the automaton states and right congruence relations, in a manner…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Dana Angluin , Udi Boker , Dana Fisman

Families of deterministic finite automata (FDFA) represent regular $\omega$-languages through their ultimately periodic words (UP-words). An FDFA accepts pairs of words, where the first component corresponds to a prefix of the UP-word, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 León Bohn , Yong Li , Christof Löding , Sven Schewe

In 1964 \v{C}ern\'{y} conjectured that each $n$-state synchronizing automaton posesses a reset word of length at most $(n-1)^2$. From the other side the best known upper bound on the reset length (minimum length of reset words) is cubic in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-16 Mikhail V. Berlinkov

We improve the best known upper bound on the length of the shortest reset words of synchronizing automata. The new bound is slightly better than $114 n^3 / 685 + O(n^2)$. The \v{C}ern\'y conjecture states that $(n-1)^2$ is an upper bound.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-02 Marek Szykuła

The problem of reconstructing a sequence from the set of its length-$k$ substrings has received considerable attention due to its various applications in genomics. We study an uncoded version of this problem where multiple random sources…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Kel Levick , Ilan Shomorony

We study the emptiness and $\lambda$-reachability problems for unary and binary Probabilistic Finite Automata (PFA) and characterise the complexity of these problems in terms of the degree of ambiguity of the automaton and the size of its…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Paul C. Bell , Pavel Semukhin

Minimal deterministic finite automata (DFAs) can be reduced further at the expense of a finite number of errors. Recently, such minimization algorithms have been improved to run in time O(n log n), where n is the number of states of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-27 Andreas Maletti , Daniel Quernheim

A word w is called a synchronizing (recurrent, reset) word of a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) if w brings all states of the automaton to some state; a DFA that has a synchronizing word is said to be synchronizing. Cerny conjectured…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-20 A. N. Trahtman

An index for a finite automaton is a powerful data structure that supports locating paths labeled with a query pattern, thus solving pattern matching on the underlying regular language. In this paper, we solve the long-standing problem of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Nicola Cotumaccio , Nicola Prezza