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Starting with a microscopic (individual-based) Brownian dynamics model of charged particles (ions), its macroscopic description is derived as a system of partial differential equations that govern the evolution of ion concentrations in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Jinyuan Zhang , Radek Erban

In this article we present a goal-oriented adaptive finite element method for a class of subsurface flow problems in porous media, which exhibit seepage faces. We focus on a representative case of the steady state flows governed by a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Ben Ashby , Cassiano Bortolozo , Alex Lukyanov , Tristan Pryer

We present a soft-potential-enhanced Poisson-Boltzmann (SPB) theory to efficiently capture ion distributions and electrostatic potential around rodlike charged macromolecules. The SPB model is calibrated with a coarse-grained particle-based…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-06-07 Hossein Vahid , Alberto Scacchi , Xiang Yang , Tapio Ala-Nissila , Maria Sammalkorpi

In this paper, we develop an adaptive finite element method for the nonlinear steady-state Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations, where the spatial adaptivity for geometrical singularities and boundary layer effects are mainly considered. As a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-21 Tingting Hao , Manman Ma , Xuejun Xu

Porous electrodes are widely used in electrochemical systems, where accurately determining electric potentials, particularly overpotentials, is essential for understanding electrode behavior. At the macroscopic scale, porous electrodes are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Yuhe Wang , Min Wang , Zhihang Xu

We present an in-depth many-body investigation of the so-called mesoscopic molecular ions that can build-up when an ion is immersed into an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in one dimension. To this end, we employ the Multi-Layer…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2017-08-16 J. M. Schurer , A. Negretti , P. Schmelcher

In this study, we present a finite element solver for a thermodynamically consistent electrolyte model that accurately captures multicomponent ionic transport by incorporating key physical phenomena such as steric effects, solvation, and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Jan Habscheid , Satyvir Singh , Lambert Theisen , Stefanie Braun , Manuel Torrilhon

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations with generalized Frumkin-Butler-Volmer boundary conditions (PNP-FBV) describe ion transport with Faradaic reactions and have applications in a wide variety of fields. Using an adaptive time-stepper based…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-24 M. C. Pugh , D. Yan , F. P. Dawson

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is a widely used model to study the electrostatics in molecular solvation. Its numerical solution using a boundary integral formulation requires a mesh on the molecular surface only, yielding accurate…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Vicente Ramm , Jehanzeb H. Chaudhry , Christopher D. Cooper

We develop an efficient and reliable adaptive finite element method (AFEM) for the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE). We first examine the regularization technique of Chen, Holst, and Xu; this technique made possible the first a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2010-10-01 Michael Holst , James Andrew McCammon , Zeyun Yu , Yongcheng Zhou , Yunrong Zhu

A Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Fermi (PNPF) theory is developed for studying ionic transport through biological ion channels. Our goal is to deal with the finite size of particle using a Fermi like distribution without calculating the forces…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Jinn-Liang Liu , Bob Eisenberg

A model is presented for the solution of electrokinetic phenomena of colloidal suspensions in fluid mixtures. We solve the discrete Boltzmann equation with a BGK collision operator using the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate binary fluid…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-05-09 Nicolas Rivas , Stefan Frijters , Ignacio Pagonabarraga , Jens Harting

In this paper, we develop a multiphysics finite element method for solving the quasi-static thermo-poroelasticity model with nonlinear permeability. The model involves multiple physical processes such as deformation, pressure, diffusion and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Zhihao Ge , Wenshuai Hu

This paper presents an improved immersed moving boundary model (IBM) for solving complex fluid-particle interactions in a coupled lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and an adhesive discrete element method (DEM), using the "partially saturated…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-10-21 Wenwei Liu , Chuan-Yu Wu

Understanding the system-level spectral immittance response of capacitive energy storage devices with analytically tractable physics-based models is not only important for the progress of the technology, but also allows to develop new…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-02-22 Anis Allagui , Hachemi Benaoum , Hichem Eleuch , Chunlei Wang

We define a finite element method for the coupling of Stokes and nonlinear Poisson--Boltzmann equations. The novelty in the formulation is that the coupling from the electric potential to the drag in the momentum balance is rewritten as a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Abeer F. AlSohaim , Ricardo Ruiz-Baier , Segundo Villa-Fuentes

Recent advance in nanotechnology has led to rapid advances in nanofluidics, which has been established as a reliable means for a wide variety of applications, including molecular separation, detection, crystallization and biosynthesis.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-03-03 Jin Kyoung Park , Kelin Xia , Guo-Wei We

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations are one of the most effective model for describing electrostatic interactions and diffusion processes in ion solution systems, and have been widely used in the numerical simulations of biological…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Yang Liu , Shi Shu , Ying Yang

The possibility to extract properties of an interface between two immiscible liquids, e.g., electrolyte solutions or polyelectrolyte multilayers, by means of impedance spectroscopy is investigated theoretically within a dynamic density…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-11-22 Andreas Reindl , Markus Bier

The molecular mechanism of ion channel gating and substrate modulation is elusive for many voltage gated ion channels, such as eukaryotic sodium ones. The understanding of channel functions is a pressing issue in molecular biophysics and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-15 Duan Chen , Guowei Wei