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Graph neural networks (GNNs), which learn the representation of a node by aggregating its neighbors, have become an effective computational tool in downstream applications. Over-smoothing is one of the key issues which limit the performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Kaixiong Zhou , Xiao Huang , Yuening Li , Daochen Zha , Rui Chen , Xia Hu

In this paper, we study using graph neural networks (GNNs) for \textit{multi-node representation learning}, where a representation for a set of more than one node (such as a link) is to be learned. Existing GNNs are mainly designed to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Xiyuan Wang , Pan Li , Muhan Zhang

Graph Neural Networks have shown excellent performance on semi-supervised classification tasks. However, they assume access to a graph that may not be often available in practice. In the absence of any graph, constructing k-Nearest Neighbor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Vijay Lingam , Arun Iyer , Rahul Ragesh

Graph neural networks (GNN) have been ubiquitous in graph node classification tasks. Most of GNN methods update the node embedding iteratively by aggregating its neighbors' information. However, they often suffer from negative disturbance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Jie Chen , Shouzhen Chen , Mingyuan Bai , Jian Pu , Junping Zhang , Junbin Gao

Regularization techniques are crucial to improving the generalization performance and training efficiency of deep neural networks. Many deep learning algorithms rely on weight decay, dropout, batch/layer normalization to converge faster and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Peng Lu , Ahmad Rashid , Ivan Kobyzev , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Philippe Langlais

Graph Neural Network (GNN) is an emerging technique for graph-based learning tasks such as node classification. In this work, we reveal the vulnerability of GNN to the imbalance of node labels. Traditional solutions for imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Xiaohe Li , Lijie Wen , Yawen Deng , Fuli Feng , Xuming Hu , Lei Wang , Zide Fan

Class-imbalanced graph node classification is a practical yet underexplored research problem. Although recent studies have attempted to address this issue, they typically assume clean and reliable labels when processing class-imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Riting Xia , Rucong Wang , Yulin Liu , Anchen Li , Xueyan Liu , Yan Zhang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance on homophilic graphs but often struggle under heterophily, where adjacent nodes frequently belong to different classes. We propose an interpretable and adaptive framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Soroush Vahidi

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have become a crucial tool on learning representations of graph vertices. The main challenge of adapting GCNs on large-scale graphs is the scalability issue that it incurs heavy cost both in computation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Wenbing Huang , Tong Zhang , Yu Rong , Junzhou Huang

Graph contrastive learning (GCL) aligns node representations by classifying node pairs into positives and negatives using a selection process that typically relies on establishing correspondences within two augmented graphs. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Maysam Behmanesh , Maks Ovsjanikov

Graph Neural Networks have achieved remarkable accuracy in semi-supervised node classification tasks. However, these results lack reliable uncertainty estimates. Conformal prediction methods provide a theoretical guarantee for node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Jianqing Song , Jianguo Huang , Wenyu Jiang , Baoming Zhang , Shuangjie Li , Chongjun Wang

Adversarial learning has demonstrated good performance in the unsupervised domain adaptation setting, by learning domain-invariant representations. However, recent work has shown limitations of this approach when label distributions differ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Remi Tachet , Han Zhao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Geoff Gordon

Consistency training is a popular method to improve deep learning models in computer vision and natural language processing. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable performance in a variety of network science learning tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Cole Hawkins , Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Soji Adeshina , George Karypis

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success in addressing node classification tasks. However, the effectiveness of traditional GNNs degrades on heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes often belong to different labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Asela Hevapathige , Asiri Wijesinghe , Ahad N. Zehmakan

With the wide-spread availability of complex relational data, semi-supervised node classification in graphs has become a central machine learning problem. Graph neural networks are a recent class of easy-to-train and accurate methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Junteng Jia , Cenk Baykal , Vamsi K. Potluru , Austin R. Benson

Label smoothing is a regularization technique for neural networks. Normally neural models are trained to an output distribution that is a vector with a single 1 for the correct prediction, and 0 for all other elements. Label smoothing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Sakib Haque , Aakash Bansal , Collin McMillan

Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) with the powerful capacity to explore graph-structural data has gained noticeable success in recent years. Nonetheless, most of the existing GCN-based models suffer from the notorious over-smoothing issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Zhaoliang Chen , Zhihao Wu , Zhenghong Lin , Shiping Wang , Claudia Plant , Wenzhong Guo

Temporal Graph Networks (TGNs), while being accurate, face significant training inefficiencies due to irregular supervision signals in dynamic graphs, which induce sparse gradient updates. We first theoretically establish that aggregating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Alexander Panyshev , Dmitry Vinichenko , Oleg Travkin , Roman Alferov , Alexey Zaytsev

Recently, a variety of regularization techniques have been widely applied in deep neural networks, such as dropout, batch normalization, data augmentation, and so on. These methods mainly focus on the regularization of weight parameters to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Qianggang Ding , Sifan Wu , Hao Sun , Jiadong Guo , Shu-Tao Xia

While many existing graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proven to perform $\ell_2$-based graph smoothing that enforces smoothness globally, in this work we aim to further enhance the local smoothness adaptivity of GNNs via $\ell_1$-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Xiaorui Liu , Wei Jin , Yao Ma , Yaxin Li , Hua Liu , Yiqi Wang , Ming Yan , Jiliang Tang