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We analyze the canonical treatment of classical constrained mechanical systems formulated with a discrete time. We prove that under very general conditions, it is possible to introduce nonsingular canonical transformations that preserve the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Cayetano Di Bartolo , Rodolfo Gambini , Rafael Porto , Jorge Pullin

Based on the results of a recent reexamination of the quantization of systems with first-class and second-class constraints from the point of view of coherent-state phase-space path integration, we give additional examples of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John R. Klauder

In this paper, we present a detailed review/analysis of the Dirac quantisation of Hamiltonian systems with constraints. To this end, we use, as a guide, the physical example provided by the dynamics of a solid ball rolling, without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 M. F. Araujo de Resende , Thales Machado F

We consider the problem of constrained motion along a conic path under a given external potential function. The model is described as a second-class system capturing the behavior of a certain class of specific quantum field theories. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 R. L. Caires , S. L. Oliveira , R. Thibes

Exact procedures that follow Dirac's constraint quantization of gauge theories are usually technically involved and often difficult to implement in practice. We overview an "effective" scheme for obtaining the leading order semiclassical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Artur Tsobanjan

We provide a simultaneous derivation of the Dirac bracket and of the equations of motion for second-class constrained systems when the constraints are time-dependent. The necessity of time-dependent gauge-fixing conditions is shown in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-20 Nuno Barros e Sá

It is shown that the Lagrangian reduction, in which solutions of equations of motion that do not involve time derivatives are used to eliminate variables, leads to results quite different from the standard Dirac treatment of the first order…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 N. Kiriushcheva , S. V. Kuzmin

The Dirac constraint formalism is used to analyze the first order form of the Einstein-Hilbert action in d > 2 dimensions. Unlike previous treatments, this is done without eliminating fields at the outset by solving equations of motion that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-21 D. G. C. McKeon

We apply newly improved Batalin-Fradkin-Tyutin Hamiltonian method to the chiral Schwinger Model in the case of the regularization ambiguity $a>1$. We show that one can systematically construct the first class constraints by the BFT…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Won Tae Kim , Yong-Wan Kim , Mu-In Park , Young-Jai Park , Sean J. Yoon

The way of finding all the constraints in the Hamiltonian formulation of singular (in particular, gauge) theories is called the Dirac procedure. The constraints are naturally classified according to the correspondig stages of this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 D. M. Gitman , I. V. Tyutin

In the framework of the generalized Hamiltonian formalism by Dirac, the local symmetries of dynamical systems with first- and second-class constraints are investigated. For theories with an algebra of constraints of special form (to which a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 N. P. Chitaia , S. A. Gogilidze , Yu. S. Surovtsev

In this work, a conformable singular system with second-class constraints is discussed. The conformable Poisson bracket (CDB) of two functions is defined. and, the Dirac theory is developed to be applicable to conformable singular systems.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 Eqab. M. Rabei , Mohamed. Al-Masaeed , Dumitru Baleanu

The Yukawa Model is revisited in one space - one time dimensions in an approach completely different to those available in the literature. We show that at the classical level it is a constrained system. We apply the Dirac method of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-15 Laure Gouba

A canonical analysis of the Einstein-Hilbert action S_d (d>2) is considered, using the first order form with the metric and affine connection as independent fields. We adopt a conservative approach to using the Dirac constraint formalism;…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-06-02 R. N. Ghalati , D. G. C. McKeon

Theories that contain first class constraints possess gauge invariance which results in the necessity of altering the measure in the associated quantum mechanical path integral. If the path integral is derived from the canonical structure…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-12 D. G. C. McKeon

A generalization of the Dirac's canonical quantization theory for a system with second-class constraints is proposed as the fundamental commutation relations that are constituted by all commutators between positions, momenta and Hamiltonian…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-10-07 D. M. Xun , Q. H. Liu , X. M. Zhu

It is shown that a Dirac bracket algebra is isomorphic to the original Poisson bracket algebra of first class functions subject to first class constraints. The isomorphic image of the Dirac bracket algebra in the star-product commutator…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. V. Bratchikov

The Dirac constraint formalism is applied to the d(d>2) dimensional Einstein-Hilbert action when written in first order form, using the metric density and affine connection as independent fields. Field equations not involving time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-11-19 R. N. Ghalati , D. G. C. McKeon

The gauge symmetries of a general dynamical system can be systematically obtained following either a Hamiltonean or a Lagrangean approach. In the former case, these symmetries are generated, according to Dirac's conjecture, by the first…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Heinz J. Rothe , Klaus D. Rothe

The systematic method for the conversion of first class constraints to the equivalent set of Abelian one based on the Dirac equivalence transformation is developed. The representation for the corresponding matrix performing this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-19 S. A. Gogilidze , A. M. Khvedelidze , V. N. Pervushin