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Classification of functional data where observations are curves or trajectories poses unique challenges, particularly under severe class imbalance. Traditional Random Forest algorithms, while robust for tabular data, often fail to capture…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-10 Fahad Mostafa , Hafiz Khan

Recently, decision trees (DT) have been used as an explainable representation of controllers (a.k.a. strategies, policies, schedulers). Although they are often very efficient and produce small and understandable controllers for discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Florian Jüngermann , Jan Křetínský , Maximilian Weininger

We investigate the spectral properties of rooted trees with the intention of improving the currently existing results that deal with this matter. The concept of an assigned rational function is recursively defined for each vertex of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-24 Ivan Damnjanović

In this paper we introduce the horizon visibility graph, a simple extension to the popular horizontal visibility graph representation of a time series, and show that it possesses a rigorous mathematical foundation in computational algebraic…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-06-24 Colin Stephen

We address the problem of representing dynamic graphs using $k^2$-trees. The $k^2$-tree data structure is one of the succinct data structures proposed for representing static graphs, and binary relations in general. It relies on compact…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Miguel E. Coimbra , Alexandre P. Francisco , Luís M. S. Russo , Guillermo de Bernardo , Susana Ladra , Gonzalo Navarro

Neuroscience has recently made much progress, expanding the complexity of both neural-activity measurements and brain-computational models. However, we lack robust methods for connecting theory and experiment by evaluating our new big…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-06 Heiko H. Schütt , Alexander D. Kipnis , Jörn Diedrichsen , Nikolaus Kriegeskorte

Tree covering is a technique for decomposing a tree into smaller-sized trees with desirable properties, and has been employed in various succinct data structures. However, significant hurdles stand in the way of a practical implementation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Kou Hamada , Sankardeep Chakraborty , Seungbum Jo , Takuto Koriyama , Kunihiko Sadakane , Srinivasa Rao Satti

One of the fundamental results in computability is the existence of well-defined functions that cannot be computed. In this paper we study the effects of data representation on computability; we show that, while for each possible way of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-30 Jaun Casanova , Simone Santini

We provide a new representation of an $\mathbb R$-tree by using a special set of metric rays. We have captured the four-point condition from these metric rays and shown an equivalence between the $\mathbb R$-trees with radial and river…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-03-29 Asuman G. Aksoy , Monariah Al-Ansari , Qidi Peng

Shape-constrained functional data encompass a wide array of application fields, such as activity profiling, growth curves, healthcare and mortality. Most existing methods for general functional data analysis often ignore that such data are…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-13 Poorbita Kundu , Hans-Georg Müller

Taking a Feynman categorical perspective, several key aspects of the geometry of surfaces are deduced from combinatorial constructions with graphs. This provides a direct route from combinatorics of graphs to string topology operations via…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2022-01-26 Clemens Berger , Ralph M. Kaufmann

In many domains, data measurements can naturally be associated with the leaves of a tree, expressing the relationships among these measurements. For example, companies belong to industries, which in turn belong to ever coarser divisions…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-12 Simeng Shao , Jacob Bien , Adel Javanmard

Understanding the deep representations of complex networks is an important step of building interpretable and trustworthy machine learning applications in the age of internet. Global surrogate models that approximate the predictions of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Baihan Lin

Functional data, representing curves or trajectories, are ubiquitous in fields like biomedicine and motion analysis. A fundamental challenge is phase variability -- temporal misalignments that obscure underlying patterns and degrade model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Siyuan Jiang , Yihan Hu , Wenjie Li , Pengcheng Zeng

In this paper we consider functional data with heterogeneity in time and in population. We propose a mixture model with segmentation of time to represent this heterogeneity while keeping the functional structure. Maximum likelihood…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-24 Vincent Brault , Émilie Devijver , Charlotte Laclau

Time series classification problems have drawn increasing attention in the machine learning and statistical community. Closely related is the field of functional data analysis (FDA): it refers to the range of problems that deal with the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-25 Florian Pfisterer , Laura Beggel , Xudong Sun , Fabian Scheipl , Bernd Bischl

In this paper we give an ordinal analysis of the theory of second order arithmetic. We do this by working with proof trees -- that is, "deductions" which may not be well-founded. Working in a suitable theory, we are able to represent…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Henry Towsner

Functional depth is the functional data analysis technique that orders a functional data set. Unlike the case of data on the real line, defining this order is non-trivial, and particularly, with functional data, there are a number of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-29 Alicia Nieto-Reyes , John A. D. Aston

This paper investigates spaces equipped with a family of metric-like functions satisfying certain axioms. These functions provide a unified framework for defining topology, uniformity, and diffeology. The framework is based on a family of…

General Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Masaki Taho

This study introduces a new method of visualizing complex tree structured objects. The usefulness of this method is illustrated in the context of detecting unexpected features in a data set of very large trees. The major contribution is a…

Applications · Statistics 2012-02-14 Burcu Aydin , Gabor Pataki , Haonan Wang , Alim Ladha , Elizabeth Bullitt , J. S. Marron