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Source code (Context) and its parsed abstract syntax tree (AST; Structure) are two complementary representations of the same computer program. Traditionally, designers of machine learning models have relied predominantly either on Structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Daniel Zügner , Tobias Kirschstein , Michele Catasta , Jure Leskovec , Stephan Günnemann

In recent times, it has been shown that one can use code as data to aid various applications such as automatic commit message generation, automatic generation of pull request descriptions and automatic program repair. Take for instance the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Syed Arbaaz Qureshi , Sonu Mehta , Ranjita Bhagwan , Rahul Kumar

Source code summarization aims at generating concise and clear natural language descriptions for programming languages. Well-written code summaries are beneficial for programmers to participate in the software development and maintenance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Zi Gong , Cuiyun Gao , Yasheng Wang , Wenchao Gu , Yun Peng , Zenglin Xu

Deep learning techniques applied to program analysis tasks such as code classification, summarization, and bug detection have seen widespread interest. Traditional approaches, however, treat programming source code as natural language text,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Xueting Guan , Christoph Treude

The objective of pre-trained language models is to learn contextual representations of textual data. Pre-trained language models have become mainstream in natural language processing and code modeling. Using probes, a technique to study the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 José Antonio Hernández López , Martin Weyssow , Jesús Sánchez Cuadrado , Houari Sahraoui

Source code summarization -- creating natural language descriptions of source code behavior -- is a rapidly-growing research topic with applications to automatic documentation generation, program comprehension, and software maintenance.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Alexander LeClair , Siyuan Jiang , Collin McMillan

Current abstractive summarization models either suffer from a lack of clear interpretability or provide incomplete rationales by only highlighting parts of the source document. To this end, we propose the Summarization Program (SP), an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Swarnadeep Saha , Shiyue Zhang , Peter Hase , Mohit Bansal

Transformer-based models have demonstrated significant success in various source code representation tasks. Nonetheless, traditional positional embeddings employed by these models inadequately capture the hierarchical structure intrinsic to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Patryk Bartkowiak , Filip Graliński

Developers spend much of their time reading and browsing source code, raising new opportunities for summarization methods. Indeed, modern code editors provide code folding, which allows one to selectively hide blocks of code. However this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Jaroslav Fowkes , Pankajan Chanthirasegaran , Razvan Ranca , Miltiadis Allamanis , Mirella Lapata , Charles Sutton

Despite significant progress, state-of-the-art abstractive summarization methods are still prone to hallucinate content inconsistent with the source document. In this paper, we propose Constrained Abstractive Summarization (CAS), a general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Yuning Mao , Xiang Ren , Heng Ji , Jiawei Han

Code summarization provides a high level natural language description of the function performed by code, as it can benefit the software maintenance, code categorization and retrieval. To the best of our knowledge, most state-of-the-art…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Yao Wan , Zhou Zhao , Min Yang , Guandong Xu , Haochao Ying , Jian Wu , Philip S. Yu

Source code summarization of a subroutine is the task of writing a short, natural language description of that subroutine. The description usually serves in documentation aimed at programmers, where even brief phrase (e.g. "compresses data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Aakash Bansal , Sakib Haque , Collin McMillan

Performance analysis has always been an afterthought during the application development process, focusing on application correctness first. The learning curve of the existing static and dynamic analysis tools are steep, which requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Nathan Pinnow , Tarek Ramadan , Tanzima Z. Islam , Chase Phelps , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

Neural code summarization leverages deep learning models to automatically generate brief natural language summaries of code snippets. The development of Transformer models has led to extensive use of attention during model design. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yifan Zhang , Jiliang Li , Zachary Karas , Aakash Bansal , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Collin McMillan , Kevin Leach , Yu Huang

Source code summarization is the task of generating a high-level natural language description for a segment of programming language code. Current neural models for the task differ in their architecture and the aspects of code they consider.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Moiz Rauf , Sebastian Padó , Michael Pradel

Natural language text corpora are often available as sets of syntactically parsed trees. A wide range of expressive tree queries are possible over such parsed trees that open a new avenue in searching over natural language text. They not…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-08-02 Pirooz Chubak , Davood Rafiei

Understanding and navigating large-scale codebases remains a significant challenge in software engineering. Existing methods often treat code as flat text or focus primarily on local structural relationships, limiting their ability to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-15 David Sounthiraraj , Jared Hancock , Yassin Kortam , Ashok Javvaji , Prabhat Singh , Shaila Shankar

As opposed to natural languages, source code understanding is influenced by grammatical relationships between tokens regardless of their identifier name. Graph representations of source code such as Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) can capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Junyan Cheng , Iordanis Fostiropoulos , Barry Boehm

Source code summarization is the task of writing natural language descriptions of source code. A typical use case is generating short summaries of subroutines for use in API documentation. The heart of almost all current research into code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Aakash Bansal , Chia-Yi Su , Collin McMillan

Code summarization (CS) is becoming a promising area in recent language understanding, which aims to generate sensible human language automatically for programming language in the format of source code, serving in the most convenience of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Hongqiu Wu , Hai Zhao , Min Zhang