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Long-tailed multi-label visual recognition poses a significant challenge, as images typically contain multiple labels with highly imbalanced class distributions, leading to biased models that favor head classes while underperforming on tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Wei Tang , Zuo-Zheng Wang , Kun Zhang , Tong Wei , Min-Ling Zhang

Real-world datasets often follow a long-tailed distribution, making generalization to tail classes difficult. Recent methods resorted to long-tail variants of Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), such as ImbSAM and CC-SAM, to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Sicong Li , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Zitai Wang , Linchao Zhang , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

Although contrastive learning methods have shown prevailing performance on a variety of representation learning tasks, they encounter difficulty when the training dataset is long-tailed. Many researchers have combined contrastive learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Min-Kook Suh , Seung-Woo Seo

Real-world datasets often exhibit long-tailed distributions, where a few dominant "Head" classes have abundant samples while most "Tail" classes are severely underrepresented, leading to biased learning and poor generalization for the Tail.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mahdiyar Molahasani , Michael Greenspan , Ali Etemad

Long-tailed data is still a big challenge for deep neural networks, even though they have achieved great success on balanced data. We observe that vanilla training on long-tailed data with cross-entropy loss makes the instance-rich head…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Mengke Li , Yiu-ming Cheung , Yang Lu

In the real-world setting, data often follows a long-tailed distribution, where head classes contain significantly more training samples than tail classes. Consequently, models trained on such data tend to be biased toward head classes. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Fan Zhang , Wei Qin , Weijieying Ren , Lei Wang , Zetong Chen , Richang Hong

The real-world data distribution is essentially long-tailed, which poses great challenge to the deep model. In this work, we propose a new method, Gradual Balanced Loss and Adaptive Feature Generator (GLAG) to alleviate imbalance. GLAG…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Zihan Zhang , Xiang Xiang

Data in the real world tends to exhibit a long-tailed label distribution, which poses great challenges for the training of neural networks in visual recognition. Existing methods tackle this problem mainly from the perspective of data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Yan Zhao , Weicong Chen , Xu Tan , Kai Huang , Jihong Zhu

We propose a technique for producing "visual explanations" for decisions from a large class of CNN-based models, making them more transparent. Our approach - Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM), uses the gradients of any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Ramprasaath R. Selvaraju , Michael Cogswell , Abhishek Das , Ramakrishna Vedantam , Devi Parikh , Dhruv Batra

Our work focuses on tackling the challenging but natural visual recognition task of long-tailed data distribution (i.e., a few classes occupy most of the data, while most classes have rarely few samples). In the literature, class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Boyan Zhou , Quan Cui , Xiu-Shen Wei , Zhao-Min Chen

How to estimate the uncertainty of a given model is a crucial problem. Current calibration techniques treat different classes equally and thus implicitly assume that the distribution of training data is balanced, but ignore the fact that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Jiahao Chen , Bing Su

Causal inference has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate long-tail classification by handling the biases introduced by class imbalance. However, along with the change of advanced backbone models from Convolutional Neural Networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Xiaoshuo Yan , Zhaochuan Li , Lei Meng , Zhuang Qi , Wei Wu , Zixuan Li , Xiangxu Meng

A thorough and holistic scene understanding is crucial for autonomous vehicles, where LiDAR semantic segmentation plays an indispensable role. However, most existing methods focus on the network design while neglecting the inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Peishan Cong , Xinge Zhu , Yuexin Ma

Despite extensive research on training generative adversarial networks (GANs) with limited training data, learning to generate images from long-tailed training distributions remains fairly unexplored. In the presence of imbalanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Saeed Khorram , Mingqi Jiang , Mohamad Shahbazi , Mohamad H. Danesh , Li Fuxin

Long-tail class incremental learning (LT CIL) remains highly challenging because the scarcity of samples in tail classes not only hampers their learning but also exacerbates catastrophic forgetting under continuously evolving and imbalanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xi Wang , Xu Yang , Donghao Sun , Cheng Deng

Class imbalance is a common challenge in real-world recognition tasks, where the majority of classes have few samples, also known as tail classes. We address this challenge with the perspective of generalization and empirically find that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Yixuan Zhou , Yi Qu , Xing Xu , Hengtao Shen

Vanilla models for object detection and instance segmentation suffer from the heavy bias toward detecting frequent objects in the long-tailed setting. Existing methods address this issue mostly during training, e.g., by re-sampling or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Tai-Yu Pan , Cheng Zhang , Yandong Li , Hexiang Hu , Dong Xuan , Soravit Changpinyo , Boqing Gong , Wei-Lun Chao

Balancing performance trade-off on long-tail (LT) data distributions remains a long-standing challenge. In this paper, we posit that this dilemma stems from a phenomenon called "tail performance degradation" (the model tends to severely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shenghan Chen , Yiming Liu , Yanzhen Wang , Yujia Wang , Xiankai Lu

We introduce an architecture for large-scale image categorization that enables the end-to-end learning of separate visual features for the different classes to distinguish. The proposed model consists of a deep CNN shaped like a tree. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Karim Ahmed , Lorenzo Torresani

Class activation map (CAM) has been widely used to highlight image regions that contribute to class predictions. Despite its simplicity and computational efficiency, CAM often struggles to identify discriminative regions that distinguish…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Ziheng Zhang , Jianyang Gu , Arpita Chowdhury , Zheda Mai , David Carlyn , Tanya Berger-Wolf , Yu Su , Wei-Lun Chao