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Related papers: Characterizing Malicious URL Campaigns

200 papers

Web-based phishing accounts for over 90% of data breaches, and most web-browsers and security vendors rely on machine-learning (ML) models as mitigation. Despite this, links posted regularly on anti-phishing aggregators such as PhishTank…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Arthur Wong , Alsharif Abuadbba , Mahathir Almashor , Salil Kanhere

We present the first large-scale characterization of lateral phishing attacks, based on a dataset of 113 million employee-sent emails from 92 enterprise organizations. In a lateral phishing attack, adversaries leverage a compromised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Grant Ho , Asaf Cidon , Lior Gavish , Marco Schweighauser , Vern Paxson , Stefan Savage , Geoffrey M. Voelker , David Wagner

Phishing campaigns involve adversaries masquerading as trusted vendors trying to trigger user behavior that enables them to exfiltrate private data. While URLs are an important part of phishing campaigns, communicative elements like text…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Fengchao Chen , Tingmin Wu , Van Nguyen , Carsten Rudolph

Malicious URLs provide adversarial opportunities across various industries, including transportation, healthcare, energy, and banking which could be detrimental to business operations. Consequently, the detection of these URLs is of crucial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Ehsan Nowroozi , Nada Jadalla , Samaneh Ghelichkhani , Alireza Jolfaei

Recently, we can observe a significant increase of the phishing attacks in the Internet. In a typical phishing attack, the attacker sets up a malicious website that looks similar to the legitimate website in order to obtain the end-users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zijiang Yang

Phishing attacks are among emerging security issues that recently draws significant attention in the cyber security community. There are numerous existing approaches for phishing URL detection. However, malicious URL detection is still a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Pingfan Xu

Malicious URLs persistently threaten the cybersecurity ecosystem, by either deceiving users into divulging private data or distributing harmful payloads to infiltrate host systems. Gaining timely insights into the current state of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ye Tian , Yanqiu Yu , Jianguo Sun , Yanbin Wang

A large number of URLs are made public by various platforms for security analysis, archiving, and paste sharing -- such as VirusTotal, URLScan.io, Hybrid Analysis, the Wayback Machine, and RedHunt. These services may unintentionally expose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Tarek Ramadan , AbdelRahman Abdou , Mohammad Mannan , Amr Youssef

This paper proposes a generic classification system designed to detect security threats based on the behavior of malware samples. The system relies on statistical features computed from proxy log fields to train detectors using a database…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-09 Lukas Machlica , Karel Bartos , Michal Sofka

Machine learning based phishing website detectors (ML-PWD) are a critical part of today's anti-phishing solutions in operation. Unfortunately, ML-PWD are prone to adversarial evasions, evidenced by both academic studies and analyses of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Ying Yuan , Qingying Hao , Giovanni Apruzzese , Mauro Conti , Gang Wang

Phishing is one of the most prevalent and expensive types of cybercrime faced by organizations and individuals worldwide. Most prior research has focused on various technical features and traditional representations of text to characterize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tarini Saka , Rachiyta Jain , Kami Vaniea , Nadin Kökciyan

In an era dominated by digital interactions, phishing campaigns have evolved to exploit not just technological vulnerabilities but also human traits. This study takes an unprecedented deep dive into large-scale phishing campaigns aimed at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Anargyros Chrysanthou , Yorgos Pantis , Constantinos Patsakis

Malicious web domains represent a big threat to web users' privacy and security. With so much freely available data on the Internet about web domains' popularity and performance, this study investigated the performance of well-known machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Zhongyi Hu , Raymond Chiong , Ilung Pranata , Willy Susilo , Yukun Bao

Malicious URLs host unsolicited content and are used to perpetrate cybercrimes. It is imperative to detect them in a timely manner. Traditionally, this is done through the usage of blacklists, which cannot be exhaustive, and cannot detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Hung Le , Quang Pham , Doyen Sahoo , Steven C. H. Hoi

The rise in phishing attacks via e-mail and short message service (SMS) has not slowed down at all. The first thing we need to do to combat the ever-increasing number of phishing attacks is to collect and characterize more phishing cases…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba , Takashi Koide , Naoki Fukushi , Takeshi Yagi , Takeo Hariu , Katsunari Yoshioka , Tsutomu Matsumoto

Existence of spam URLs over emails and Online Social Media (OSM) has become a growing phenomenon. To counter the dissemination issues associated with long complex URLs in emails and character limit imposed on various OSM (like Twitter), the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-05-08 Neha Gupta , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Phishing attacks continue to be a significant threat on the Internet. Prior studies show that it is possible to determine whether a website is phishing or not just by analyzing its URL more carefully. A major advantage of the URL based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Harshal Tupsamudre , Sparsh Jain , Sachin Lodha

The Uniform Resource Locator (URL), introduced in a connectivity-first era to define access and locate resources, remains historically limited, lacking future-proof mechanisms for security, trust, or resilience against fraud and abuse,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Najmul Hasan , Prashanth BusiReddyGari

Phishing attacks pose a significant threat to Internet users, with cybercriminals elaborately replicating the visual appearance of legitimate websites to deceive victims. Visual similarity-based detection systems have emerged as an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Fujiao Ji , Kiho Lee , Hyungjoon Koo , Wenhao You , Euijin Choo , Hyoungshick Kim , Doowon Kim

A large part of modern day communications are carried out through the medium of E-mails, especially corporate communications. More and more people are using E-mail for personal uses too. Companies also send notifications to their customers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Gaurav Ojha , Gaurav Kumar Tak