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Despite remarkable successes achieved by modern neural networks in a wide range of applications, these networks perform best in domain-specific stationary environments where they are trained only once on large-scale controlled data…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Pouya Bashivan , Martin Schrimpf , Robert Ajemian , Irina Rish , Matthew Riemer , Yuhai Tu

Existing research on continual learning (CL) of a sequence of tasks focuses mainly on dealing with catastrophic forgetting (CF) to balance the learning plasticity of new tasks and the memory stability of old tasks. However, an ideal CL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Zhi Wang , Zhongbin Wu , Yanni Li , Bing Liu , Guangxi Li , Yuping Wang

Task-free continual learning (CL) aims to learn a non-stationary data stream without explicit task definitions and not forget previous knowledge. The widely adopted memory replay approach could gradually become less effective for long data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Zhenyi Wang , Li Shen , Le Fang , Qiuling Suo , Tiehang Duan , Mingchen Gao

Continual learning (CL) has traditionally focused on minimizing exemplar memory, a constraint often misaligned with modern systems where GPU time, not storage, is the primary bottleneck. This paper challenges this paradigm by investigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Dongkyu Cho , Taesup Moon , Rumi Chunara , Kyunghyun Cho , Sungmin Cha

Continual learning (CL) for large language models (LLMs) aims to enable sequential knowledge acquisition without catastrophic forgetting. Memory replay methods are widely used for their practicality and effectiveness, but most rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yujie Feng , Hao Wang , Jian Li , Xu Chu , Zhaolu Kang , Yiran Liu , Yasha Wang , Philip S. Yu , Xiao-Ming Wu

By learning a sequence of tasks continually, an agent in continual learning (CL) can improve the learning performance of both a new task and `old' tasks by leveraging the forward knowledge transfer and the backward knowledge transfer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Sen Lin , Li Yang , Deliang Fan , Junshan Zhang

Humans' continual learning (CL) ability is closely related to Stability Versus Plasticity Dilemma that describes how humans achieve ongoing learning capacity and preservation for learned information. The notion of CL has always been present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Yifan Chang , Wenbo Li , Jian Peng , Bo Tang , Yu Kang , Yinjie Lei , Yuanmiao Gui , Qing Zhu , Yu Liu , Haifeng Li

In this work, we aim to establish a strong connection between two significant bodies of machine learning research: continual learning and sequence modeling. That is, we propose to formulate continual learning as a sequence modeling problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Soochan Lee , Jaehyeon Son , Gunhee Kim

Continual learning (CL) empowers AI systems to progressively acquire knowledge from non-stationary data streams. However, catastrophic forgetting remains a critical challenge. In this work, we identify attention drift in Vision Transformers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yue Lu , Xiangyu Zhou , Shizhou Zhang , Yinghui Xing , Guoqiang Liang , Wencong Zhang

Replaying past experiences has proven to be a highly effective approach for averting catastrophic forgetting in supervised continual learning. However, some crucial factors are still largely ignored, making it vulnerable to serious failure,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Tiantian Zhang , Kevin Zehua Shen , Zichuan Lin , Bo Yuan , Xueqian Wang , Xiu Li , Deheng Ye

In this work, we introduce JDCL - a new method for continual learning with generative rehearsal based on joint diffusion models. Neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting defined as abrupt loss in the model's performance when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Paweł Skierś , Kamil Deja

Continual Learning (CL) for malware classification tackles the rapidly evolving nature of malware threats and the frequent emergence of new types. Generative Replay (GR)-based CL systems utilize a generative model to produce synthetic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Jimin Park , AHyun Ji , Minji Park , Mohammad Saidur Rahman , Se Eun Oh

Existing work on continual learning (CL) is primarily devoted to developing algorithms for models trained from scratch. Despite their encouraging performance on contrived benchmarks, these algorithms show dramatic performance drops in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Kuan-Ying Lee , Yuanyi Zhong , Yu-Xiong Wang

Continual learning poses a fundamental challenge for modern machine learning systems, requiring models to adapt to new tasks while retaining knowledge from previous ones. Addressing this challenge necessitates the development of efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Jędrzej Kozal , Jan Wasilewski , Bartosz Krawczyk , Michał Woźniak

Learning a sequence of tasks without access to i.i.d. observations is a widely studied form of continual learning (CL) that remains challenging. In principle, Bayesian learning directly applies to this setting, since recursive and one-off…

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from catastrophic forgetting in continual learning: after learning new tasks sequentially, they perform worse on earlier tasks. Existing methods mitigate catastrophic forgetting by data replay,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yazheng Liu , Yuxuan Wan , Rui Xu , Xi Zhang , Sihong Xie , Hui Xiong

Humans excel at continually learning from an ever-changing environment whereas it remains a challenge for deep neural networks which exhibit catastrophic forgetting. The complementary learning system (CLS) theory suggests that the interplay…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Elahe Arani , Fahad Sarfraz , Bahram Zonooz

Continual learning (CL) aims to learn new tasks without forgetting previous tasks. However, existing CL methods require a large amount of raw data, which is often unavailable due to copyright considerations and privacy risks. Instead,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Enneng Yang , Zhenyi Wang , Li Shen , Nan Yin , Tongliang Liu , Guibing Guo , Xingwei Wang , Dacheng Tao

This paper introduces a novel perspective to significantly mitigate catastrophic forgetting in continuous learning (CL), which emphasizes models' capacity to preserve existing knowledge and assimilate new information. Current replay-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Jianshu Zhang , Yankai Fu , Ziheng Peng , Dongyu Yao , Kun He

Artificial neural networks have exceeded human-level performance in accomplishing several individual tasks (e.g. voice recognition, object recognition, and video games). However, such success remains modest compared to human intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Rahaf Aljundi