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Complex Organic Molecules (COMs) have been detected in the interstellar medium (ISM). However, it is not clear whether their synthesis occurs on the icy surfaces of interstellar grains or via a series of gas-phase reactions. As a test case…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-31 Joan Enrique-Romero , Albert Rimola , Cecilia Ceccarelli , Nadia Balucani

Acetaldehyde (CH$_3$CHO) is one of the most detected interstellar Complex Organic Molecule (iCOM) in the interstellar medium (ISM). These species have a potential biological relevance, as they can be precursors of more complex species from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-15 Jessica Perrero , Piero Ugliengo , Cecilia Ceccarelli , Albert Rimola

A prevailing theory for the interstellar production of complex organic molecules (COMs) involves formation on warm dust-grain surfaces, via the diffusion and reaction of radicals produced through grain-surface photodissociation of stable…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-19 Mihwa Jin , Robin T. Garrod

Interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) can be loosely defined as chemical compounds with at least six atoms in which at least one is carbon. The observations of iCOMs in star-forming regions have shown that they contain an important…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-30 Joan Enrique-Romero , Albert Rimola , Cecilia Ceccarelli , Piero Ugliengo , Nadia Balucani , Dimitrios Skouteris

Interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) are assumed to be mainly formed on dust-grain surfaces. However, neutral gas-phase reactions in the interstellar medium (ISM) can play an important role. In this paper, by investigating the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-09-09 F. Tonolo , J. Lupi , C. Puzzarini , V. Barone

The radicals HCO and CH$_3$ on carbon monoxide ice surfaces were simulated using density functional theory. Their binding energy on amorphous CO ice shows broad distributions, with approximative average values of 500 K for HCO and 200 K for…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-04-16 Thanja Lamberts , Max N. Markmeyer , Florian J. Kolb , Johannes Kästner

The formation of complex organic molecules (COMs) in protostellar environments is a hotly debated topic. In particular, the relative importance of the gas phase processes as compared to a direct formation of COMs on the dust grain surfaces…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 C. Codella , F. Fontani , C. Ceccarelli , L. Podio , S. Viti , R. Bachiller , M. Benedettini , B. Lefloch

Icy interstellar dust grains are a source of complex organic molecule (COM) production, although their formation mechanisms are debated. Laboratory experiments show that atomic C deposited onto interstellar ice analogs can react with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-27 Sydney A. Willis , Serge A. Krasnokutski , Nathaniel J. Morin , Robin T. Garrod

The formation of the interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) is a hot topic in astrochemistry. One of the main paradigms trying to reproduce the observations postulates that iCOMs are formed on the ice mantles covering the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-30 Joan Enrique-Romero , Albert Rimola , Ceccarelli , Piero Ugliengo , Nadia Balucani , Dimitrios Skouteris

Methanol and its precursor formaldehyde are among the most studied organic molecules in the interstellar medium and are abundant in the gaseous and solid phases. We recently developed a model to simulate CO hydrogenation via H atoms on…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 H. M. Cuppen , E. F. van Dishoeck , E. Herbst , A. G. G. M. Tielens

Glycoaldehyde, ethylene glycol, and methyl formate are complex organic molecules that have been observed in dark molecular clouds. Because there is no efficient gas-phase route to produce these species, it is expected that a low-temperature…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-12 M. A. J. Simons , T. Lamberts , H. M. Cuppen

The formation of methanol (CH3OH) on icy grain mantles during the star formation cycle is mainly associated with the CO freeze-out stage. Yet there are reasons to believe that CH3OH also can form at an earlier period of interstellar ice…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-05-02 D. Qasim , K. -J. Chuang , G. Fedoseev , S. Ioppolo , A. C. A. Boogert , H. Linnartz

Formation of interstellar complex organic molecules is currently thought to be dominated by the barrierless coupling between radicals on the interstellar icy grain surfaces. Previous standard DFT results on the reactivity between CH$_3$ and…

Complex organic molecules (COMs) can be produced by energetic processing of interstellar ice mantles accreted on top of dust grains. Two COMs with proposed energetic ice formation pathways are formamide and acetaldehyde. Both have been…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-20 Rafael Martin-Domenech , Karin I. Oberg , Mahesh Rajappan

Among all the interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs), acetaldehyde is one of the most widely detected species. The question of its formation route(s) is, therefore, of a major interest regarding astrochemical models. In this paper,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-14 Fanny Vazart , Cecilia Ceccarelli , Nadia Balucani , Eleonora Bianchi , Dimitrios Skouteris

We sought to determine which are the main hydrogenation paths of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). As a partially unsaturated molecule, CH3CHO can have links with more hydrogenated species, like ethanol (C2H5OH) or with more unsaturated ones, like…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-26 Germán Molpeceres , Thanh Nguyen , Yasuhiro Oba , Naoki Watanabe

[Abridged] Ethylene oxide and its isomer acetaldehyde are important complex organic molecules because of their potential role in the formation of amino acids. Despite the fact that acetaldehyde is ubiquitous in the interstellar medium,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-08 A. Occhiogrosso , A. Vasyunin , E. Herbst , S. Viti , M. D. Ward , S. D. Price , W. A. Brown

Carbon ($^3$P) atom is a reactive species that, according to laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations, condensates with interstellar ice components. This fact is of uttermost importance for the chemistry in the interstellar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-07-19 Stefano Ferrero , Cecilia Ceccarelli , Piero Ugliengo , Mariona Sodupe , Albert Rimola

The simultaneous detection of organic molecules of the form C$_2$H$_{\text{n}}$O, such as ketene (CH$_2$CO), acetaldehyde (CH$_3$CHO), and ethanol (CH$_3$CH$_2$OH), toward early star-forming regions offers hints of shared chemical history.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-06-16 K. -J. Chuang , G. Fedoseev , C. Scirè , G. A. Baratta , C. Jäger , Th. Henning , H. Linnartz , M. E. Palumbo

Despite the organic molecule inventory detected in Orion KL, acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) -- one of the most ubiquitous interstellar aldehydes -- has not been firmly identified with mm-wave interferometry. We analyze extensive ALMA archival…

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