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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have generated growing interest in their structured reasoning capabilities, particularly in tasks involving abstraction and pattern recognition. The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC)…

LLMs have made significant progress in the field of mathematical reasoning, but whether they have true the mathematical understanding ability is still controversial. To explore this issue, we propose a new perturbation framework to evaluate…

Neural network models have achieved state-of-the-art performances in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, a long-standing criticism against neural network models is the lack of interpretability, which not only…

Natural Language Processing (NLP) models based on Machine Learning (ML) are susceptible to adversarial attacks -- malicious algorithms that imperceptibly modify input text to force models into making incorrect predictions. However,…

Explainable AI methods facilitate the understanding of model behaviour, yet, small, imperceptible perturbations to inputs can vastly distort explanations. As these explanations are typically evaluated holistically, before model deployment,…

In recent years, advancements in natural language processing (NLP) have been fueled by deep learning techniques, particularly through the utilization of powerful computing resources like GPUs and TPUs. Models such as BERT and GPT-3, trained…

Speech-enabled systems typically first convert audio to text through an automatic speech recognition (ASR) model and then feed the text to downstream natural language processing (NLP) modules. The errors of the ASR system can seriously…

In addition to high accuracy, robustness is becoming increasingly important for machine learning models in various applications. Recently, much research has been devoted to improving the model robustness by training with noise…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on Web data that might contain spelling errors made by humans. But do they become robust to similar real-world noise? In this paper, we investigate the effect of real-world spelling mistakes on the…

The integration of artificial intelligence [AI] into clinical trials has revolutionized the process of drug development and personalized medicine. Among these advancements, deep learning and predictive modelling have emerged as…

Language models, characterized by their black-box nature, often hallucinate and display sensitivity to input perturbations, causing concerns about trust. To enhance trust, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the…

In the last years, AI systems, in particular neural networks, have seen a tremendous increase in performance, and they are now used in a broad range of applications. Unlike classical symbolic AI systems, neural networks are trained using…

As the rapidly advancing domain of natural language processing (NLP), large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for interpreting human commands and generating text across various tasks. Nonetheless, the resilience of LLMs…

This manuscript presents a methodical examination of the utilization of Artificial Intelligence in the assessment of emotions in texts related to healthcare, with a particular focus on the incorporation of Natural Language Processing and…

Natural Language Processing (NLP) helps empower intelligent machines by enhancing a better understanding of the human language for linguistic-based human-computer communication. Recent developments in computational power and the advent of…

Large datasets in NLP suffer from noisy labels, due to erroneous automatic and human annotation procedures. We study the problem of text classification with label noise, and aim to capture this noise through an auxiliary noise model over…

Text classification is a fundamental Natural Language Processing task that has a wide variety of applications, where deep learning approaches have produced state-of-the-art results. While these models have been heavily criticized for their…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into modern healthcare, offering powerful support for clinical decision-making. However, in real-world settings, AI systems may experience performance degradation over time, due to…

Dementia is under-recognized in the community, under-diagnosed by healthcare professionals, and under-coded in claims data. Information on cognitive dysfunction, however, is often found in unstructured clinician notes within medical records…

Neural machine translation (MT) models achieve strong results across a variety of settings, but it is widely believed that they are highly sensitive to "noisy" inputs, such as spelling errors, abbreviations, and other formatting issues. In…