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We provide a fully general-relativistic treatment of cosmological perturbations in a universe permeated by a large-scale primordial magnetic field, using the Ellis-Bruni gauge-invariant formalism. The exact non-linear equations for general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Christos G. Tsagas , John D. Barrow

Several models within the framework of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravities are considered with regard their late-time phenomenological viability. The models contain a non-minimally coupled scalar field and satisfy a constraint on the scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-25 S. D. Odintsov , V. K. Oikonomou , German S. Sharov

The 1+3 covariant approach and the covariant gauge-invariant approach to perturbations are used to analyze in depth conformal transformations in cosmology. Such techniques allow us to obtain very interesting insights on the physical content…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Sante Carloni , Emilio Elizalde , Sergei Odintsov

The concept of perturbative gauge invariance formulated exclusively by means of asymptotic fields is used to construct massive gauge theories. We consider the interactions of $r$ massive and $s$ massless gauge fields together with $(r+s)$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Günter Scharf

The current status of the recent developments of the second-order gauge-invariant cosmological perturbation theory is reviewed. To show the essence of this perturbation theory, we concentrate only on the universe filled with a single scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-24 Kouji Nakamura

We give a detailed and improved presentation of our recently proposed formalism for non-linear perturbations in cosmology, based on a covariant and fully non-perturbative approach. We work, in particular, with a covector combining the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Langlois , Filippo Vernizzi

We derive the gauge invariant perturbation equations for a 5-dimensional bulk spacetime in the presence of a brane. The equations are derived in full generality, without specifying a particular energy content of the bulk or the brane. We do…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Alain Riazuelo , Filippo Vernizzi , Danièle Steer , Ruth Durrer

We investigate the gauge invariance of the second order gravitational waves induced by the first order scalar perturbations by following the Lie derivative method. It is shown explicitly that the second order gravitational waves are gauge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-30 Zhe Chang , Sai Wang , Qing-Hua Zhu

In recent years new types of coordinate transformations have appeared in cosmology on top of the standard gauge transformations, such as the dilatations and special conformal transformations, or the ones leading to (conformal) Fermi…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-18 Ermis Mitsou , Jaiyul Yoo

In gauge theories and gravity, field variables are generally not gauge-invariant observables, but such observables may be constructed by "dressing" these or more general operators. Dressed operators create particles, together with their…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-11 Steven B. Giddings

We present a general formalism for the Hamiltonian description of perturbation theory around any spatially homogeneous spacetime. We employ and refine the Dirac method for constrained systems, which is very well-suited to cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-23 Alice Boldrin

We address the construction and interpretation of diffeomorphism-invariant observables in a low-energy effective theory of quantum gravity. The observables we consider are constructed as integrals over the space of coordinates, in analogy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-29 Steven B. Giddings , Donald Marolf , James B. Hartle

The aim of this article is to understand the role of dust reference fields, often also called clocks, on cosmological perturbations around a flat FLRW universe. We derive the Mukhanov-Sasaki (MS) equation for the Brown-Kuchar (BK) and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-22 Kristina Giesel , Laura Herold , Bao-Fei Li , Parampreet Singh

Local observation is an important problem both for the foundations of a quantum theory of gravity and for applications to quantum-cosmological problems such as eternal inflation. While gauge invariant local observables can't be defined, it…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Michael Gary , Steven B. Giddings

We study one loop quantum gravitational corrections to the long range force induced by the exchange of a massless scalar between two massive scalars. The various diagrams contributing to the flat space S-matrix are evaluated in a general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-22 S. P. Miao , T. Prokopec , R. P. Woodard

Based on the gauge invariant variables proposed in [K. Nakamura, Prog. Theor. Phys. vol.110 (2003), 723.], general framework of the second order gauge invariant perturbation theory on arbitrary background spacetime is considered. We derived…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Kouji Nakamura

An outline of a proof of the decomposition of the linear metric perturbation into gauge-invariant and gauge-variant parts on an arbitrary background spacetime is discussed through an exlicit construction of gauge-invariant and gauge-variant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-09-28 Kouji Nakamura

In 1988 Bardeen has suggested a pragmatic formulation of cosmological perturbation theory which is powerful in practice to employ various fundamental gauge conditions easily depending on the character of the problem. The perturbation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Jai-chan Hwang , Hyerim Noh

Relativistic cosmological perturbation analyses can be made based on several different fundamental gauge conditions. In the pressureless limit the variables in certain gauge conditions show the correct Newtonian behaviors. Considering the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 J. Hwang , H. Noh

An implicit fundamental assumption in relativistic perturbation theory is that there exists a parametric family of spacetimes that can be Taylor expanded around a background. The choice of the latter is crucial to obtain a manageable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Marco Bruni , Leonardo Gualtieri , Carlos F. Sopuerta