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The wealth of recent data from imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), ultra-high energy cosmic-ray experiments and neutrino telescopes have fuelled a renewed interest in hadronic emission models for gamma-loud blazars. We explore…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-06-08 Andreas Zech , Matteo Cerruti , Daniel Mazin

Aims: We investigate the role of the second synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) photon generation to the multiwavelength emission from the compact regions of sources that are characterized as misaligned blazars. For this, we focus on the nearest…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Maria Petropoulou , Eva Lefa , Stavros Dimitrakoudis , Apostolos Mastichiadis

Context.Blazars, a sub-category of Active Galactic Nuclei, are characterized by their non-thermal variable emission. This emission extends over the whole electromagnetic spectrum and is a consequence of particle acceleration inside their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-22 Stella S. Boula , Apostolos Mastichiadis

Blazars are the most violent steady/recurrent sources of high-energy gamma-ray emission in the known Universe. They are prominent emitters of electromagnetic radiation throughout the entire electromagnetic spectrum. The observable radiation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Markus Boettcher

Blazars are a subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGN) that have a relativistic jet with a small viewing angle towards the observer. Recent results based on hadronic scenarios have motivated an ongoing discussion of how a blazar can produce…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-07 A. Rosales de León , A. M. Brown , P. M. Chadwick

The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of certain BL Lac objects (BL Lacs) exhibit an additional hard $\gamma$-ray component in the TeV energy range that surpasses the predictions of the one-zone leptonic jet model. The origin of this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-11 Ji-Shun Lian , Ze-Rui Wang , Jin Zhang

The gamma-ray emission in blazars can be attributed to the leptonic Synchrotron Self-Compton (SSC) model, photo-hadronic interactions, or a combination thereof. While evidence supports both models, their specific contributions remain…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-17 Mabel Osorio-Archila , María Magdalena González , J. Rodrigo Sacahui

Major outbursts have been observed from the well-known high-energy peaked blazar Markarian 501 since its discovery in 1996. Especially, two episodes of very high energy gamma-ray flaring events during May-July 2005 and June 2012 are of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-07 Sarira Sahu , Carlos E. Lopez Fortin , Luis H. Castañeda Hernandez , Shigehiro Nagataki , Subhash Rajpoot

Recent LHAASO observations hint at potential spectral hardening around 20 TeV in M87's very high energy (VHE) emission, suggesting a possible new radiation component. In this work, we construct averaged multiwavelength SEDs by combining…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-05 Rui Xue , Jia-Chun He , Dingrong Xiong , Ze-Rui Wang

We consider, herein, a model for gamma-ray production in blazars in which a relativistic, highly-collimated electron-proton beam interacts with a dense, compact cloud as the jet propagates through the broad and perhaps narrow line regions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 J. H. Beall , W. Bednarek

We introduce a new theoretical model to describe the emitting region in a blazar jet. We assume a one-zone leptonic picture, and construct the particle transport equation for a plasma blob experiencing low-energy, monoenergetic particle…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-31 Tiffany R. Lewis , Justin D. Finke , Peter A. Becker

In this review, recent progress in theoretical models for the broadband (radio through gamma-ray) emission from blazars are summarized. The salient features of both leptonic and hadronic models are reviewed. I present sample modeling…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-05-03 Markus Boettcher

Recently reported coincidences between high-energy neutrino events and major blazar outbursts reinforce the relevance of lepto-hadronic emission models for blazars. We study the influence of physical parameters on the neutrino output…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-18 A. Gokus , S. Richter , F. Spanier , M. Kreter , M. Kadler , K. Mannheim , J. Wilms

In this work, a time-dependent modeling is developed to study the emission properties of blazars in the low state. Motivated by various observations, we speculate and assume that numerous discrete radiation zones throughout the jet of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-22 Ruo-Yu Liu , Rui Xue , Ze-Rui Wang , Hong-Bin Tan , Markus Böttcher

The energy spectra of TeV gamma-rays from blazars, after being corrected for intergalatic absorption in the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL), appear unusually hard, a fact that poses challenges to the conventional models of particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 F. Aharonian , D. Khangulyan , L. Costamante

Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-rays in pulsars, and their surrounding halos, are interpreted to originate from the leptonic channel, electromagnetic interactions through electron inverse Compton (IC) scattering. In the hadronic scenario,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-18 Sonali Sahoo , Ankan Roy , Kritika Yadav , Reetanjali Moharana

The spectral energy distribution (SED) of TeV blazars has a double-humped shape that is usually interpreted as Synchrotron Self Compton (SSC) model. The one zone SSC model is used broadly but cannot fit the high energy tail of SED very…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 Xiaoyan Gao , Jiancheng Wang , Jianping Yang

We introduce a new time-dependent lepto-hadronic model for blazar emission that takes into account the radiation emitted by secondary particles, such as pions and muons, from photo hadronic interactions. Starting from a baseline parameter…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Christopher Diltz , Markus Boettcher , Giovanni Fossati

The spectra of BL Lac objects and Fanaroff-Riley I radio galaxies are commonly explained by the one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. Spectral modeling of correlated multiwavelength data gives the comoving magnetic field…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-03-27 Kohta Murase , Charles D. Dermer , Hajime Takami , Giulia Migliori

Transition blazars exhibit a shift from one subclass to the next during different flux states. It is therefore crucial to study them to understand the underlying physics of blazars. We probe the origin of the multi-wavelength emission from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-17 Ashwani Pandey , Pankaj Kushwaha , Paul J. Wiita , Raj Prince , Bozena Czerny , C. S. Stalin