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When teaching an elementary logic course to students who have a general scientific background but have never been exposed to logic, we have to face the problem that the notions of deduction rule and of derivation are completely new to them,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-01-08 Gilles Dowek

We provide a sound and complete proof system for an extension of Kleene's ternary logic to predicates. The concept of theory is extended with, for each function symbol, a formula that specifies when the function is defined. The notion of…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-03-28 Antti Valmari , Lauri Hella

Various formulations of counterfactual general equilibrium in economies -- systems of actors manipulating economic goods -- are logically and mathematically analyzed. Evenly-rotating economies are systems whose evolution is stable, steady,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2013-06-26 Leonid A. Shapiro

We introduce the basic concepts related to subharmonic functions and potentials, mainly for the case of the complex plane and prove the Riesz decomposition theorem. Beyond the elementary facts of the theory we deviate slightly from the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2008-05-01 Christian Kuehn

We define an extension of predicate logic, called Binding Logic, where variables can be bound in terms and in propositions. We introduce a notion of model for this logic and prove a soundness and completeness theorem for it. This theorem is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Gilles Dowek , Thérèse Hardin , Claude Kirchner

The present review presents the authors previous results on the topic from the title in a new light. Most of the previous results were obtained using the techniques of antilinear Hilbert-Schmidt mappings of one Hilbert pace into another,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 Fedor Herbut

In this paper a novel calculus system has been established based on the concept of 'werden'. The basis of logic self-contraction of the theories on current calculus was shown. Mistakes and defects in the structure and meaning of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-01-13 Xiaoping Ding

The problem of finding a (continuous) utility function for a semiorder has been studied since in 1956 R.D. Luce introduced in \emph{Econometrica} the notion. There was almost no results on the continuity of the representation. A similar…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-06-30 A. Estevan

This work has been prompted by the surprising lack of mathematical coherence in the common usage of some of the fundamental entities in the theory of probability, with an inherent risk of contradiction. While disentangling the intricacies,…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-02-20 Alberto Gandolfi

We develop a discipline-agnostic emergence calculus that treats theories as fixed points of idempotent operators acting on descriptions. We show that, once processes are composable but access to the underlying system is mediated by a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ioannis Tsiokos

Programs that combine I/O and countable probabilistic choice, modulo either bisimilarity or trace equivalence, can be seen as describing a probabilistic strategy. For well-founded programs, we might expect to axiomatize bisimilarity via a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Nathan Bowler , Sergey Goncharov , Paul Blain Levy

We investigate several technical and conceptual questions. Our main subject is the investigation of independence as a ternary relation in the context of non-monotonic logic. In the context of probability, this investigation was started by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-26 Dov Gabbay , Karl Schlechta

We continue the work of [1, 2, 3] by analyzing the equivalence relation of bi-embeddability on various classes of countable planes, most notably the class of countable non-Desarguesian projective planes. We use constructions of the second…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-10-16 Filippo Calderoni , Gianluca Paolini

G\"odel's second incompleteness theorem is standardly understood as showing that no sufficiently strong, consistent theory of arithmetic can prove its own consistency, a result typically interpreted against a model-theoretic background in…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Alexander V. Gheorghiu

Conceiving of premises as collected into sets or multisets, instead of sequences, may lead to triviality for classical and intuitionistic logic in general proof theory, where we investigate identity of deductions. Any two deductions with…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-06-10 Kosta Dosen

We propose a novel foundation for calculus that focuses on the notion of approximations while avoiding the use of limits altogether. Continuity is defined as approximation at a point, while differentiability is defined as approximation with…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-10-27 Michael P. Lamoureux , Matt Yedlin

We consider a sequence of composite bivariate Bernstein operators and the cubature formula associated with them. The upper bounds for the remainder term of the cubature formula are described in terms of moduli of continuity of order two.…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-06-08 Ana-Maria Acu , Heiner Gonska

Actual individual preferences are neither complete (=total) nor antisymmetric in general, so that at least every quasi-order must be an admissible input to a satisfactory choice rule. It is argued that the traditional notion of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jobst Heitzig

After a brief flirtation with logicism in 1917-1920, David Hilbert proposed his own program in the foundations of mathematics in 1920 and developed it, in concert with collaborators such as Paul Bernays and Wilhelm Ackermann, throughout the…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Richard Zach

A longer and more correct title is `a short and direct path to the theory of stable contract systems in a bipartite market'. There is no new meaningful results in the article. It is dedicated to the presentation of a short method for…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-21 Vladimir Danilov