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Related papers: Rethinking Why Intermediate-Task Fine-Tuning Works

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Adhering to explicit length constraints, such as generating text with a precise word count, remains a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). This study aims at investigating the differences between foundation models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Elisabetta Rocchetti , Alfio Ferrara

Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) significantly enhances the zero-shot capabilities of pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs). While coding data is known to boost LLM reasoning abilities during pretraining, its role in activating internal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Xinlu Zhang , Zhiyu Zoey Chen , Xi Ye , Xianjun Yang , Lichang Chen , William Yang Wang , Linda Ruth Petzold

We present an efficient method of utilizing pretrained language models, where we learn selective binary masks for pretrained weights in lieu of modifying them through finetuning. Extensive evaluations of masking BERT and RoBERTa on a series…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Mengjie Zhao , Tao Lin , Fei Mi , Martin Jaggi , Hinrich Schütze

Prompt tuning, which involves training a small set of parameters, effectively enhances the pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to downstream tasks. However, they often come at the cost of flexibility and adaptability when the tuned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Mushui Liu , Bozheng Li , Yunlong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have been able to perform various forms of reasoning tasks in a wide range of scenarios, but are they truly engaging in task abstraction and rule-based reasoning beyond mere memorization? To answer this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Guanyu Chen , Peiyang Wang , Yizhou Jiang , Yuqian Liu , Chujie Zhao , Ying Fang , Tianren Zhang , Feng Chen

Multi-task learning (MTL) has received considerable attention, and numerous deep learning applications benefit from MTL with multiple objectives. However, constructing multiple related tasks is difficult, and sometimes only a single task is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Tao Gui , Lizhi Qing , Qi Zhang , Jiacheng Ye , Hang Yan , Zichu Fei , Xuanjing Huang

Test-time scaling (TTS) has enhanced the performance of Reasoning Models (RMs) on various tasks such as math and coding, yet its efficacy in machine translation (MT) remains underexplored. This paper investigates whether increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Jörg Tiedemann

In natural language processing, it has been observed recently that generalization could be greatly improved by finetuning a large-scale language model pretrained on a large unlabeled corpus. Despite its recent success and wide adoption,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Cheolhyoung Lee , Kyunghyun Cho , Wanmo Kang

Transfer learning is beneficial by allowing the expressive features of models pretrained on large-scale datasets to be finetuned for the target task of smaller, more domain-specific datasets. However, there is a concern that these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Angelina Wang , Olga Russakovsky

High-quality textual training data is essential for the success of multimodal data processing tasks, yet outputs from image captioning models like BLIP and GIT often contain errors and anomalies that are difficult to rectify using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Elyas Meguellati , Nardiena Pratama , Shazia Sadiq , Gianluca Demartini

The pretrain-finetune paradigm usually improves downstream performance over training a model from scratch on the same task, becoming commonplace across many areas of machine learning. While pretraining is empirically observed to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Gabriele Merlin , Vedant Nanda , Ruchit Rawal , Mariya Toneva

In the era of large language models (LLMs), fine-tuning pretrained models has become ubiquitous. Yet the theoretical underpinning remains an open question. A central question is why only a few epochs of fine-tuning are typically sufficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-17 Zexuan Sun , Garvesh Raskutti

Fine-tuning pre-trained transformer-based language models such as BERT has become a common practice dominating leaderboards across various NLP benchmarks. Despite the strong empirical performance of fine-tuned models, fine-tuning is an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Marius Mosbach , Maksym Andriushchenko , Dietrich Klakow

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in recent years but are fundamentally limited by the underlying training data. To improve models beyond the training data, recent works have explored how LLMs can be used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Vighnesh Subramaniam , Yilun Du , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Antonio Torralba , Shuang Li , Igor Mordatch

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning has become a crucial step in post-training language models for advanced mathematical reasoning and coding. Following the success of frontier reasoning models, recent work has demonstrated that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Rosie Zhao , Alexandru Meterez , Sham Kakade , Cengiz Pehlevan , Samy Jelassi , Eran Malach

Pretrained language models are promising particularly for low-resource languages as they only require unlabelled data. However, training existing models requires huge amounts of compute, while pretrained cross-lingual models often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Sebastian Ruder , Piotr Czapla , Marcin Kardas , Sylvain Gugger , Jeremy Howard

Pretrained language models have been shown to exhibit biases and social stereotypes. Prior work on debiasing these models has largely focused on modifying embedding spaces during pretraining, which is not scalable for large models.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Deep Gandhi , Katyani Singh , Nidhi Hegde

Recent progress in task-oriented neural dialogue systems is largely focused on a handful of languages, as annotation of training data is tedious and expensive. Machine translation has been used to make systems multilingual, but this can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Nikita Moghe , Mark Steedman , Alexandra Birch

Reasoning post-training improves Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex tasks such as mathematics and coding, but its benefits across diverse multimodal tasks remains uncertain. The trend of releasing parallel "Instruct" and "Thinking"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ruobing Zheng , Tianqi Li , Jianing Li , Qingpei Guo , Yi Yuan , Jingdong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are typically developed through large-scale pre-training followed by task-specific fine-tuning. Recent advances highlight the importance of an intermediate mid-training stage, where models undergo multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kaixiang Mo , Yuxin Shi , Weiwei Weng , Zhiqiang Zhou , Shuman Liu , Haibo Zhang , Anxiang Zeng