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Large language models (LLMs) perform well on multi-hop reasoning, yet how they internally compose multiple facts remains unclear. Recent work proposes \emph{hop-aligned circuit hypothesis}, suggesting that bridge entities are computed…
Heyting-Lewis Logic is the extension of intuitionistic propositional logic with a strict implication connective that satisfies the constructive counterparts of axioms for strict implication provable in classical modal logics. Variants of…
Automatically disentangling an author's style from the content of their writing is a longstanding and possibly insurmountable problem in computational linguistics. At the same time, the availability of large text corpora furnished with…
We describe a type system for the linear-algebraic lambda-calculus. The type system accounts for the part of the language emulating linear operators and vectors, i.e. it is able to statically describe the linear combinations of terms…
Gradual dependent types can help with the incremental adoption of dependently typed code by providing a principled semantics for imprecise types and proofs, where some parts have been omitted. Current theories of gradual dependent types,…
In typical non-idempotent intersection type systems, proof normalization is not confluent. In this paper we introduce a confluent non-idempotent intersection type system for the lambda-calculus. Typing derivations are presented using proof…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing and hold growing promise for advancing science, healthcare, and decision-making. Yet their training paradigms remain dominated by affirmation-based inference, akin to…
This paper studies Linear Temporal Logic over Finite Traces (LTLf) where proposition letters are replaced with first-order formulas interpreted over arbitrary theories, in the spirit of Satisfiability Modulo Theories. The resulting logic,…
State-of-the-art deep-learning-based approaches to Natural Language Processing (NLP) are credited with various capabilities that involve reasoning with natural language texts. In this paper we carry out a large-scale empirical study…
Prolog's ability to return multiple answers on backtracking provides an elegant mechanism to derive reversible encodings of combinatorial objects as Natural Numbers i.e. {\em ranking} and {\em unranking} functions. Starting from a…
A comparison of Landin's form of lambda calculus with Church's shows that, independently of the lambda calculus, there exists a mechanism for converting functions with arguments indexed by variables to the usual kind of function where the…
We develop a dependent type theory that is based purely on inductive and coinductive types, and the corresponding recursion and corecursion principles. This results in a type theory with a small set of rules, while still being fairly…
The lambda calculus is a widely accepted computational model of higher-order functional pro- grams, yet there is not any direct and universally accepted cost model for it. As a consequence, the computational difficulty of reducing lambda…
Our broader goal is to automatically translate English sentences into formulas in appropriate knowledge representation languages as a step towards understanding and thus answering questions with respect to English text. Our focus in this…
Word representations induced from models with discrete latent variables (e.g.\ HMMs) have been shown to be beneficial in many NLP applications. In this work, we exploit labeled syntactic dependency trees and formalize the induction problem…
Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly popular in pervasive computing due to their versatility and strong performance. However, despite their ubiquitous use, the exact mechanisms underlying their outstanding performance…
We give a formal treatment of simple type theories, such as the simply-typed $\lambda$-calculus, using the framework of abstract clones. Abstract clones traditionally describe first-order structures, but by equipping them with additional…
In this paper, we explain the inference logic of large language models (LLMs) as a set of symbolic concepts. Many recent studies have discovered that traditional DNNs usually encode sparse symbolic concepts. However, because an LLM has much…
Differentiable logics are a family of quantitative logics originated in the machine learning literature. Because of their origin, differentiable logics often come equipped with analytic properties that guarantee that they are…
We present a novel lambda calculus that casts the categorical approach to the study of quantum protocols into the rich and well established tradition of type theory. Our construction extends the linear typed lambda calculus with a linear…