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Related papers: Transient Execution of Non-Canonical Accesses

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Transient execution vulnerabilities have emerged as a critical threat to modern processors. Hardware fuzzing testing techniques have recently shown promising results in discovering transient execution bugs in large-scale out-of-order…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Jinyan Xu , Yangye Zhou , Xingzhi Zhang , Yinshuai Li , Qinhan Tan , Yinqian Zhang , Yajin Zhou , Rui Chang , Wenbo Shen

Recently discovered Spectre and meltdown attacks affects almost all processors by leaking confidential information to other processes through side-channel attacks. These vulnerabilities expose design flaws in the architecture of modern…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Bilal Ali Ahmad

Quantum circuit cutting enables near-term quantum devices to execute workloads exceeding their qubit capacity by decomposing circuits into independently runnable fragments. While this extends computational reach, it creates a previously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Samuel Punch , Krishnendu Guha , Utz Roedig

In-process compartmentalization and access control have been actively explored to provide in-place and efficient isolation of in-process security domains. Many works have proposed compartmentalization schemes that leverage hardware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Kha Dinh Duy , Kyuwon Cho , Taehyun Noh , Hojoon Lee

Attacks on the microarchitecture of modern processors have become a practical threat to security and privacy in desktop and cloud computing. Recently, cache attacks have successfully been demonstrated on ARM based mobile devices, suggesting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-30 Marc Green , Leandro Rodrigues-Lima , Andreas Zankl , Gorka Irazoqui , Johann Heyszl , Thomas Eisenbarth

Microarchitectural timing channels exploit information leakage between security domains that should be isolated, bypassing the operating system's security boundaries. These channels result from contention for shared microarchitectural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Nils Wistoff , Gernot Heiser , Luca Benini

In the last 10 years, cache attacks on Intel x86 CPUs have gained increasing attention among the scientific community and powerful techniques to exploit cache side channels have been developed. However, modern smartphones use one or more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Moritz Lipp , Daniel Gruss , Raphael Spreitzer , Clémentine Maurice , Stefan Mangard

Timing channels are information flows, encoded in the relative timing of events, that bypass the system's protection mechanisms. Any microarchitectural state that depends on execution history and affects the rate of progress of later…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Qian Ge , Yuval Yarom , Frank Li , Gernot Heiser

In the last years, a series of side channels have been discovered on CPUs. These side channels have been used in powerful attacks, e.g., on cryptographic implementations, or as building blocks in transient-execution attacks such as Spectre…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Daniel Weber , Ahmad Ibrahim , Hamed Nemati , Michael Schwarz , Christian Rossow

The run-time electromagnetic (EM) emanation of microprocessors presents a side-channel that leaks the confidentiality of the applications running on them. Many recent works have demonstrated successful attacks leveraging such side-channels…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Nuntipat Narkthong , Yukui Luo , Xiaolin Xu

Intel SGX is known to be vulnerable to a class of practical attacks exploiting memory access pattern side-channels, notably page-fault attacks and cache timing attacks. A promising hardening scheme is to wrap applications in hardware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Yuzhe Tang , Kai Li , Yibo Wang , Jiaqi Chen , Cheng Xu

Performance-enhancing mechanisms such as branch prediction, out-of-order execution, and return stack buffer (RSB) have been widely employed in today's modern processing units. Although successful in increasing the CPU performance,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Farhad Taheri , Siavash Bayat-Sarmadi , Alireza Sadeghpour , Seyed Parsa Tayefeh Morsal

The security of computer systems fundamentally relies on memory isolation, e.g., kernel address ranges are marked as non-accessible and are protected from user access. In this paper, we present Meltdown. Meltdown exploits side effects of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Moritz Lipp , Michael Schwarz , Daniel Gruss , Thomas Prescher , Werner Haas , Stefan Mangard , Paul Kocher , Daniel Genkin , Yuval Yarom , Mike Hamburg

In High Performance Computing, systems are evaluated based on their computational throughput. However, performance in contemporary server processors is primarily limited by power and thermal constraints. Ensuring operation within a given…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Robert Schöne , Thomas Ilsche , Mario Bielert , Markus Velten , Markus Schmidl , Daniel Hackenberg

Apart from the actual CPU, modern server motherboards contain other auxiliary components, for example voltage regulators for power management. Those are connected to the CPU and the separate Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) via the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Zitai Chen , David Oswald

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are a ubiquitous component across the range of today's computing platforms, from phones and tablets, through personal computers, to high-end server class platforms. With the increasing importance of graphics…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Sankha Baran Dutta , Hoda Naghibijouybari , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , Andres Marquez , Kevin Barker

Micro-architectural attacks use information leaked through shared resources to break hardware-enforced isolation. These attacks have been used to steal private information ranging from cryptographic keys to privileged Operating System (OS)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Nikhilesh Singh , Chester Rebeiro

Different from the traditional software vulnerability, the microarchitecture side channel has three characteristics: extensive influence, potent threat, and tough defense. The main reason for the micro-architecture side channel is resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Yue Zhang , Ziyuan Zhu , Dan Meng

Modern multi-core processors share cache resources for maximum cache utilization and performance gains. However, this leaves the cache vulnerable to side-channel attacks, where timing differences in shared cache behavior are exploited to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Ghada Dessouky , Tommaso Frassetto , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Microarchitectural attacks have become more threatening the hardware security than before with the increasing diversity of attacks such as Spectre and Meltdown. Vendor patches cannot keep up with the pace of the new threats, which makes the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Debopriya Roy Dipta , Berk Gulmezoglu