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Counterfactual explanations are increasingly used as an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) technique to provide stakeholders of complex machine learning algorithms with explanations for data-driven decisions. The popularity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Dieter Brughmans , Lissa Melis , David Martens

Recent applications of autonomous agents and robots, such as self-driving cars, scenario-based trainers, exploration robots, and service robots have brought attention to crucial trust-related challenges associated with the current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Fatai Sado , Chu Kiong Loo , Wei Shiung Liew , Matthias Kerzel , Stefan Wermter

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in the field of explainable AI (XAI), with a plethora of algorithms proposed in the literature. However, a lack of consensus on how to evaluate XAI hinders the advancement of the field. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Q. Vera Liao , Yunfeng Zhang , Ronny Luss , Finale Doshi-Velez , Amit Dhurandhar

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made leapfrogs in development across all the industrial sectors especially when deep learning has been introduced. Deep learning helps to learn the behaviour of an entity through methods of recognising and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Qinghao Ye , Jun Xia , Guang Yang

Previous research in interpretable machine learning (IML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) can be broadly categorized as either focusing on seeking interpretability in the agent's model (i.e., IML) or focusing on the context of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Rosina O. Weber , Prateek Goel , Shideh Amiri , Gideon Simpson

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to provide insight into opaque model reasoning to humans and as such is an interdisciplinary field by nature. In this paper, we interviewed 10 practitioners to understand the possible usability of training data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Elisa Nguyen , Evgenii Kortukov , Jean Y. Song , Seong Joon Oh

Understanding when and why to apply any given eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) technique is not a straightforward task. There is no single approach that is best suited for a given context. This paper aims to address the challenge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Leila Methnani , Virginia Dignum , Andreas Theodorou

To advance the transparency of learning machines such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), the field of Explainable AI (XAI) was established to provide interpretations of DNNs' predictions. While different explanation techniques exist, a popular…

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to provide interpretations for predictions made by learning machines, such as deep neural networks, in order to make the machines more transparent for the user and furthermore trustworthy also for applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Kirill Bykov , Marina M. -C. Höhne , Klaus-Robert Müller , Shinichi Nakajima , Marius Kloft

Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining momentum, and its importance for the future of work in many areas, such as medicine and banking, is continuously rising. However, insights on the effective collaboration of humans and AI are still…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Max Schemmer , Niklas Kühl , Carina Benz , Gerhard Satzger

Why do explainable AI (XAI) explanations in radiology, despite their promise of transparency, still fail to gain human trust? Current XAI approaches provide justification for predictions, however, these do not meet practitioners' needs.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Robert Kaufman , David Kirsh

Many explainable AI (XAI) techniques strive for interpretability by providing concise salient information, such as sparse linear factors. However, users either only see inaccurate global explanations, or highly-varying local explanations.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Jessica Y. Bo , Pan Hao , Brian Y. Lim

The trustworthiness of neural networks is often challenged because they lack the ability to express uncertainty and explain their skill. This can be problematic given the increasing use of neural networks in high stakes decision-making such…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Mariana C. A. Clare , Maike Sonnewald , Redouane Lguensat , Julie Deshayes , Venkatramani Balaji

With an increase in deep learning-based methods, the call for explainability of such methods grows, especially in high-stakes decision making areas such as medical image analysis. This survey presents an overview of eXplainable Artificial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-06 Bas H. M. van der Velden , Hugo J. Kuijf , Kenneth G. A. Gilhuijs , Max A. Viergever

The desirable properties of explanations in information systems have fueled the demands for transparency in artificial intelligence (AI) outputs. To address these demands, the field of explainable AI (XAI) has put forth methods that can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Felix Haag

Recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning in general have demonstrated remarkable performances in many tasks, from image processing to natural language processing, especially with the advent of deep learning. Along with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Erico Tjoa , Cuntai Guan

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly embedded in critical decision-making systems, however their foundational ``black-box'' models require eXplainable AI (XAI) solutions to enhance transparency, which are mostly oriented to experts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Eva Paraschou , Ioannis Arapakis , Sofia Yfantidou , Sebastian Macaluso , Athena Vakali

With the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based decision-making, explanations help increase new technology adoption through enhanced trust and reliability. However, our experimental study challenges the notion that every user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sabid Bin Habib Pias , Alicia Freel , Timothy Trammel , Taslima Akter , Donald Williamson , Apu Kapadia

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) focuses on helping humans understand the working of AI systems or their decisions and has been a cornerstone of AI for decades. Recent research in explainability has focused on explaining the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Shruthi Chari

The need for interpretable and accountable intelligent systems grows along with the prevalence of artificial intelligence applications used in everyday life. Explainable intelligent systems are designed to self-explain the reasoning behind…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Sina Mohseni , Niloofar Zarei , Eric D. Ragan