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The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most popular Combinatorial Optimization Problem. It is well solicited for the large variety of applications that it can solve, but also for its difficulty to find optimal solutions. One of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Mehdi El Krari , Belaïd Ahiod

In this work, we aim to explore connections between dynamical systems techniques and combinatorial optimization problems. In particular, we construct heuristic approaches for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) based on embedding the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Tuhin Sahai , Adrian Ziessler , Stefan Klus , Michael Dellnitz

Combinatorial optimization is widely applied in a number of areas nowadays. Unfortunately, many combinatorial optimization problems are NP-hard which usually means that they are unsolvable in practice. However, it is often unnecessary to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-07-10 Daniel Karapetyan

We introduce a fast, quasi-linear-time heuristic for the Close-Enough Traveling Salesman Problem (CETSP), a continuous generalization of the Euclidean TSP in which each target is a disk that must be intersected. The method adapts the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Khoi Duong

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well known and challenging combinatorial optimisation problem. Its computational intractability has attracted a number of heuristic approaches to generate satisfactory, if not optimal, candidate…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-03-27 Jeff Jones , Andrew Adamatzky

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) is a fundamental NP-complete problem with many applications, including automated planning and scheduling. To solve large instances, SAT solvers have to rely on heuristics, e.g., choosing a branching variable in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Mikhail Shirokikh , Ilya Shenbin , Anton Alekseev , Sergey Nikolenko

Various neural network models have been proposed to tackle combinatorial optimization problems such as the travelling salesman problem (TSP). Existing learning-based TSP methods adopt a simple setting that the training and testing data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Zeyang Zhang , Ziwei Zhang , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a challenging graph task in combinatorial optimization that requires reasoning about both local node neighborhoods and global graph structure. In this paper, we propose to use the novel Graph…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Amal Nammouchi , Hakim Ghazzai , Yehia Massoud

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the classic and hard problems in combinatorial optimization. We develop a new heuristic that uses a connection between Minimum Cost Flow Problems and the TSP to improve on a given suboptimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Steffen Borgwardt , Zachary Sorenson

We study the online Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) on the line augmented with machine-learned predictions. In the classical problem, there is a stream of requests released over time along the real line. The goal is to minimize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Themis Gouleakis , Konstantinos Lakis , Golnoosh Shahkarami

The recently presented idea to learn heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems is promising as it can save costly development. However, to push this idea towards practical implementation, we need better models and better ways of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Wouter Kool , Herke van Hoof , Max Welling

Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is NP-hard yet fundamental for a wide range of real-world applications. Classical exact methods face challenges in scaling, and heuristic methods often require domain-specific parameter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhuoli Yin , Yi Ding , Reem Khir , Hua Cai

High-performance TSP solvers like LKH search within a sparsified candidate graph rather than over all possible edges. Graph sparsification is non-trivial: keep too many edges and the solver wastes time; cut too many and it loses edges that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Bo-Cheng Lin , Yi Mei , Mengjie Zhang

Solving the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) remains a persistent challenge, despite its fundamental role in numerous generalized applications in modern contexts. Heuristic solvers address the demand for finding high-quality solutions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jonathan Heins , Lennart Schäpermeier , Pascal Kerschke , Darrell Whitley

The Lin-Kernighan heuristic is known to be one of the most successful heuristics for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). It has also proven its efficiency in application to some other problems. In this paper we discuss possible…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-02-15 Daniel Karapetyan , Gregory Gutin

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic NP-hard combinatorial optimization task with numerous practical applications. Classic heuristic solvers can attain near-optimal performance for small problem instances, but become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Michael Li , Eric Bae , Christopher Haberland , Natasha Jaques

Large Language Models (LLMs) are deep learning models designed to generate text based on textual input. Although researchers have been developing these models for more complex tasks such as code generation and general reasoning, few efforts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Mahmoud Masoud , Ahmed Abdelhay , Mohammed Elhenawy

For the traveling salesman problem (TSP), the existing supervised learning based algorithms suffer seriously from the lack of generalization ability. To overcome this drawback, this paper tries to train (in supervised manner) a small-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Zhang-Hua Fu , Kai-Bin Qiu , Hongyuan Zha

Combinatorial optimization plays an important role in real-world problem solving. In the big data era, the dimensionality of a combinatorial optimization problem is usually very large, which poses a significant challenge to existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Yuan Sun , Andreas Ernst , Xiaodong Li , Jake Weiner

Recent advancements in solving large-scale traveling salesman problems (TSP) utilize the heatmap-guided Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) paradigm, where machine learning (ML) models generate heatmaps, indicating the probability distribution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yifan Xia , Xianliang Yang , Zichuan Liu , Zhihao Liu , Lei Song , Jiang Bian